如何在 Debian 11 上安装 NVM

未知易者 發表於 2023-8-23 11:11:00

NVM 代表 Node Version Manager，它是一个用于安装和管理多个Node.JS版本的命令行工具。它只允许程序员在他们的帐户中安装 Node.js。这意味着安装是特定于用户的。单个系统中的所有用户都有自己的 Node.js 安装。
<h2>在 Debian 11 Bullseye 上安装 NVM</h2>
步骤 1. 在我们安装任何软件之前，通过<code class=" prettyprinted">apt</code>在终端中运行以下命令来确保您的系统是最新的很重要：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install build-essential curl gnupg2</pre>
</div>
<pre class=" prettyprinted"> </pre>
步骤 2. 在 Debian 11 上安装 NVM。
现在我们运行下面的命令来下载并运行 NVM 安装脚本：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/master/install.sh | bash</pre>
</div>
如果上面打不开，可以sh代码在文末，复制运行
然后，在文件中附加 NVM 的环境变量：<code class=" prettyprinted">.bashrc</code>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>source ~/.bashrc</pre>
</div>
 
或者，只需注销并重新登录并确认安装的 NVM 版本：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm --version</pre>
</div>
 
步骤 3. 使用 NVM 安装 Node.js。
要安装最新版本的 Node.js，请运行以下命令：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm install node</pre>
</div>
 
如果要安装最新的 LTS（长期服务）版本，请运行以下命令：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm install node --lts</pre>
</div>
 
您还可以通过指定版本号来指定 NodeJS 的特定版本。例如：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm install 12.19.0</pre>
</div>
 
步骤 4. 使用 NVM 管理 Node.js。
要列出已安装的所有 Node.JS 版本，请运行：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm ls</pre>
</div>
 
要将默认 Node.js 版本设置为 12.17.0，请运行以下命令：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm use 12.19.0</pre>
</div>
 
要验证您帐户中已设置的默认版本，请运行：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm run default --version</pre>
</div>
 
<pre class=" prettyprinted"> </pre>
您可以使用以下命令使用所需版本的 node.js 运行 Node 脚本：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>nvm exec 12.19.0 server.js</pre>
</div>
 
感谢您使用本教程在 Debian 11 Bullseye 上安装最新版本的 NVM（节点版本管理器）。如需其他帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看NVM 官方网站。
 
附录1：代码
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#!/usr/bin/env bash

{ # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #

nvm_has() {
type "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
}

nvm_echo() {
command printf %s\\n "$*" 2>/dev/null
}

if [ -z "${BASH_VERSION}" ] || [ -n "${ZSH_VERSION}" ]; then
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
nvm_echo >&2 'Error: the install instructions explicitly say to pipe the install script to `bash`; please follow them'
exit 1
fi

nvm_grep() {
GREP_OPTIONS='' command grep "$@"
}

nvm_default_install_dir() {
[ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm"
}

nvm_install_dir() {
if [ -n "$NVM_DIR" ]; then
printf %s "${NVM_DIR}"
else
nvm_default_install_dir
fi
}

nvm_latest_version() {
nvm_echo "v0.39.5"
}

nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh() {
local TEST_PROFILE
TEST_PROFILE="${1-}"
case "${TEST_PROFILE-}" in
*"/.bashrc" | *"/.bash_profile" | *"/.zshrc" | *"/.zprofile")
 return
;;
*)
 return 1
;;
esac
}

#
# Outputs the location to NVM depending on:
# * The availability of $NVM_SOURCE
# * The method used ("script" or "git" in the script, defaults to "git")
# NVM_SOURCE always takes precedence unless the method is "script-nvm-exec"
#
nvm_source() {
local NVM_GITHUB_REPO
NVM_GITHUB_REPO="${NVM_INSTALL_GITHUB_REPO:-nvm-sh/nvm}"
local NVM_VERSION
NVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}"
local NVM_METHOD
NVM_METHOD="$1"
local NVM_SOURCE_URL
NVM_SOURCE_URL="$NVM_SOURCE"
if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-exec" ]; then
NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm-exec"
elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-bash-completion" ]; then
NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/bash_completion"
elif [ -z "$NVM_SOURCE_URL" ]; then
if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script" ]; then
 NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm.sh"
elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_git" ] || [ -z "$NVM_METHOD" ]; then
 NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://github.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}.git"
else
 nvm_echo >&2 "Unexpected value \"$NVM_METHOD\" for \$NVM_METHOD"
 return 1
fi
fi
nvm_echo "$NVM_SOURCE_URL"
}

#
# Node.js version to install
#
nvm_node_version() {
nvm_echo "$NODE_VERSION"
}

nvm_download() {
if nvm_has "curl"; then
curl --fail --compressed -q "$@"
elif nvm_has "wget"; then
# Emulate curl with wget
ARGS=$(nvm_echo "$@" | command sed -e 's/--progress-bar /--progress=bar /' \
 -e 's/--compressed //' \
 -e 's/--fail //' \
 -e 's/-L //' \
 -e 's/-I /--server-response /' \
 -e 's/-s /-q /' \
 -e 's/-sS /-nv /' \
 -e 's/-o /-O /' \
 -e 's/-C - /-c /')
# shellcheck disable=SC2086
eval wget $ARGS
fi
}

install_nvm_from_git() {
local INSTALL_DIR
INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"
local NVM_VERSION
NVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}"
if [ -n "${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-}" ]; then
# Check if version is an existing ref
if command git ls-remote "$(nvm_source "git")" "$NVM_VERSION" | nvm_grep -q "$NVM_VERSION" ; then
 :
# Check if version is an existing changeset
elif ! nvm_download -o /dev/null "$(nvm_source "script-nvm-exec")"; then
 nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to find '$NVM_VERSION' version."
 exit 1
fi
fi

local fetch_error
if [ -d "$INSTALL_DIR/.git" ]; then
# Updating repo
nvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update using git"
command printf '\r=> '
fetch_error="Failed to update nvm with $NVM_VERSION, run 'git fetch' in $INSTALL_DIR yourself."
else
fetch_error="Failed to fetch origin with $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!"
nvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm from git to '$INSTALL_DIR'"
command printf '\r=> '
mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
if [ "$(ls -A "${INSTALL_DIR}")" ]; then
 # Initializing repo
 command git init "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {
 nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to initialize nvm repo. Please report this!'
 exit 2
 }
 command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote add origin "$(nvm_source)" 2> /dev/null \
 || command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote set-url origin "$(nvm_source)" || {
 nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to add remote "origin" (or set the URL). Please report this!'
 exit 2
 }
else
 # Cloning repo
 command git clone "$(nvm_source)" --depth=1 "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {
 nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to clone nvm repo. Please report this!'
 exit 2
 }
fi
fi
# Try to fetch tag
if command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin tag "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1 2>/dev/null; then
:
# Fetch given version
elif ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1; then
nvm_echo >&2 "$fetch_error"
exit 1
fi
command git -c advice.detachedHead=false --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" checkout -f --quiet FETCH_HEAD || {
nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to checkout the given version $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!"
exit 2
}
if [ -n "$(command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" show-ref refs/heads/master)" ]; then
if command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet 2>/dev/null; then
 command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet -D master >/dev/null 2>&1
else
 nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
 command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch -D master >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi

nvm_echo "=> Compressing and cleaning up git repository"
if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" reflog expire --expire=now --all; then
nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
fi
if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" gc --auto --aggressive --prune=now ; then
nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
fi
return
}

#
# Automatically install Node.js
#
nvm_install_node() {
local NODE_VERSION_LOCAL
NODE_VERSION_LOCAL="$(nvm_node_version)"

if [ -z "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" ]; then
return 0
fi

nvm_echo "=> Installing Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
nvm install "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
local CURRENT_NVM_NODE

CURRENT_NVM_NODE="$(nvm_version current)"
if [ "$(nvm_version "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL")" == "$CURRENT_NVM_NODE" ]; then
nvm_echo "=> Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL has been successfully installed"
else
nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to install Node.js $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
fi
}

install_nvm_as_script() {
local INSTALL_DIR
INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"
local NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL
NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL="$(nvm_source script)"
local NVM_EXEC_SOURCE
NVM_EXEC_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-exec)"
local NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE
NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-bash-completion)"

# Downloading to $INSTALL_DIR
mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"
if [ -f "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" ]; then
nvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update the script"
else
nvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm as script to '$INSTALL_DIR'"
fi
nvm_download -s "$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" || {
nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL'"
return 1
} &
nvm_download -s "$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {
nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE'"
return 2
} &
nvm_download -s "$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/bash_completion" || {
nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE'"
return 2
} &
for job in $(jobs -p | command sort)
do
wait "$job" || return $?
done
chmod a+x "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {
nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to mark '$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec' as executable"
return 3
}
}

nvm_try_profile() {
if [ -z "${1-}" ] || [ ! -f "${1}" ]; then
return 1
fi
nvm_echo "${1}"
}

#
# Detect profile file if not specified as environment variable
# (eg: PROFILE=~/.myprofile)
# The echo'ed path is guaranteed to be an existing file
# Otherwise, an empty string is returned
#
nvm_detect_profile() {
if [ "${PROFILE-}" = '/dev/null' ]; then
# the user has specifically requested NOT to have nvm touch their profile
return
fi

if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ] && [ -f "${PROFILE}" ]; then
nvm_echo "${PROFILE}"
return
fi

local DETECTED_PROFILE
DETECTED_PROFILE=''

if [ "${SHELL#*bash}" != "$SHELL" ]; then
if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
 DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bashrc"
elif [ -f "$HOME/.bash_profile" ]; then
 DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bash_profile"
fi
elif [ "${SHELL#*zsh}" != "$SHELL" ]; then
if [ -f "$HOME/.zshrc" ]; then
 DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zshrc"
elif [ -f "$HOME/.zprofile" ]; then
 DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zprofile"
fi
fi

if [ -z "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then
for EACH_PROFILE in ".profile" ".bashrc" ".bash_profile" ".zprofile" ".zshrc"
do
 if DETECTED_PROFILE="$(nvm_try_profile "${HOME}/${EACH_PROFILE}")"; then
 break
 fi
done
fi

if [ -n "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then
nvm_echo "$DETECTED_PROFILE"
fi
}

#
# Check whether the user has any globally-installed npm modules in their system
# Node, and warn them if so.
#
nvm_check_global_modules() {
local NPM_COMMAND
NPM_COMMAND="$(command -v npm 2>/dev/null)" || return 0
[ -n "${NVM_DIR}" ] && [ -z "${NPM_COMMAND%%"$NVM_DIR"/*}" ] && return 0

local NPM_VERSION
NPM_VERSION="$(npm --version)"
NPM_VERSION="${NPM_VERSION:--1}"
[ "${NPM_VERSION%%[!-0-9]*}" -gt 0 ] || return 0

local NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES
NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES="$(
npm list -g --depth=0 |
command sed -e '/ npm@/d' -e '/ (empty)$/d'
)"

local MODULE_COUNT
MODULE_COUNT="$(
command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES" |
command sed -ne '1!p' | # Remove the first line
wc -l | command tr -d ' ' # Count entries
)"

if [ "${MODULE_COUNT}" != '0' ]; then
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
nvm_echo '=> You currently have modules installed globally with `npm`. These will no'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
nvm_echo '=> longer be linked to the active version of Node when you install a new node'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
nvm_echo '=> with `nvm`; and they may (depending on how you construct your `$PATH`)'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
nvm_echo '=> override the binaries of modules installed with `nvm`:'
nvm_echo

command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES"
nvm_echo '=> If you wish to uninstall them at a later point (or re-install them under your'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
nvm_echo '=> `nvm` Nodes), you can remove them from the system Node as follows:'
nvm_echo
nvm_echo ' $ nvm use system'
nvm_echo ' $ npm uninstall -g a_module'
nvm_echo
fi
}

nvm_do_install() {
if [ -n "${NVM_DIR-}" ] && ! [ -d "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then
if [ -e "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then
 nvm_echo >&2 "File \"${NVM_DIR}\" has the same name as installation directory."
 exit 1
fi

if [ "${NVM_DIR}" = "$(nvm_default_install_dir)" ]; then
 mkdir "${NVM_DIR}"
else
 nvm_echo >&2 "You have \$NVM_DIR set to \"${NVM_DIR}\", but that directory does not exist. Check your profile files and environment."
 exit 1
fi
fi
# Disable the optional which check, https://www.shellcheck.net/wiki/SC2230
# shellcheck disable=SC2230
if nvm_has xcode-select && [ "$(xcode-select -p >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ; echo $?)" = '2' ] && [ "$(which git)" = '/usr/bin/git' ] && [ "$(which curl)" = '/usr/bin/curl' ]; then
nvm_echo >&2 'You may be on a Mac, and need to install the Xcode Command Line Developer Tools.'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
nvm_echo >&2 'If so, run `xcode-select --install` and try again. If not, please report this!'
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "${METHOD}" ]; then
# Autodetect install method
if nvm_has git; then
 install_nvm_from_git
elif nvm_has curl || nvm_has wget; then
 install_nvm_as_script
else
 nvm_echo >&2 'You need git, curl, or wget to install nvm'
 exit 1
fi
elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'git' ]; then
if ! nvm_has git; then
 nvm_echo >&2 "You need git to install nvm"
 exit 1
fi
install_nvm_from_git
elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'script' ]; then
if ! nvm_has curl && ! nvm_has wget; then
 nvm_echo >&2 "You need curl or wget to install nvm"
 exit 1
fi
install_nvm_as_script
else
nvm_echo >&2 "The environment variable \$METHOD is set to \"${METHOD}\", which is not recognized as a valid installation method."
exit 1
fi

nvm_echo

local NVM_PROFILE
NVM_PROFILE="$(nvm_detect_profile)"
local PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR
PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir | command sed "s:^$HOME:\$HOME:")"

SOURCE_STR="\\nexport NVM_DIR=\"${PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR}\"\\n[ -s \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\" ] && \\. \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\"# This loads nvm\\n"

# shellcheck disable=SC2016
COMPLETION_STR='[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"# This loads nvm bash_completion\n'
BASH_OR_ZSH=false

if [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then
local TRIED_PROFILE
if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ]; then
 TRIED_PROFILE="${NVM_PROFILE} (as defined in \$PROFILE), "
fi
nvm_echo "=> Profile not found. Tried ${TRIED_PROFILE-}~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.zprofile, ~/.zshrc, and ~/.profile."
nvm_echo "=> Create one of them and run this script again"
nvm_echo " OR"
nvm_echo "=> Append the following lines to the correct file yourself:"
command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"
nvm_echo
else
if nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh "${NVM_PROFILE-}"; then
 BASH_OR_ZSH=true
fi
if ! command grep -qc '/nvm.sh' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then
 nvm_echo "=> Appending nvm source string to $NVM_PROFILE"
 command printf "${SOURCE_STR}" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"
else
 nvm_echo "=> nvm source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"
fi
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && ! command grep -qc '$NVM_DIR/bash_completion' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then
 nvm_echo "=> Appending bash_completion source string to $NVM_PROFILE"
 command printf "$COMPLETION_STR" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"
else
 nvm_echo "=> bash_completion source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"
fi
fi
if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then
nvm_echo "=> Please also append the following lines to the if you are using bash/zsh shell:"
command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"
fi

# Source nvm
# shellcheck source=/dev/null
\. "$(nvm_install_dir)/nvm.sh"

nvm_check_global_modules

nvm_install_node

nvm_reset

nvm_echo "=> Close and reopen your terminal to start using nvm or run the following to use it now:"
command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"
if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} ; then
command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"
fi
}

#
# Unsets the various functions defined
# during the execution of the install script
#
nvm_reset() {
unset -f nvm_has nvm_install_dir nvm_latest_version nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh \
nvm_source nvm_node_version nvm_download install_nvm_from_git nvm_install_node \
install_nvm_as_script nvm_try_profile nvm_detect_profile nvm_check_global_modules \
nvm_do_install nvm_reset nvm_default_install_dir nvm_grep
}

[ "_$NVM_ENV" = "_testing" ] || nvm_do_install

} # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #</pre>
</div>
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/shanhubei/p/17650709.html

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如何在 Debian 11 上安装 NVM