Debian体系的软件安装
<h2 class="md-end-block md-heading"><span class="md-plain">1.dpkg</span></h2><p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg 是为"Debian"操作系统专门开发的套件管理系统，用于软件的安装，更新和移除</span></p>
<p class="md-end-block md-p md-focus"><span class="md-plain md-expand">能被dpkg命令安装的软件包一般以.deb为文件后缀</span></p>
<h3 class="md-end-block md-heading"><span class="md-plain">dpkg常见命令</span></h3>
<blockquote>
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<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -i<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#安装软件包</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -r name<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#移除软件（保留配置）</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -P name<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#移除软件（不保留配置）</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -c *.deb<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#列出deb包的内容</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -l | grep [关键字]<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#配合' | grep [包名关键字]'，查找主机包</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -s name<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#查找包的详细信息</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -L name<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#查看已安装的软件包，都存在系统哪有文件</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">dpkg -S [文件名]<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#显示指定包的状态信息（用于反查）</span></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2 class="md-end-block md-heading"><span class="md-plain">2.apt</span></h2>
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt是一个在Debian中的Shell前端软件包管理器</span></p>
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt命令提供了查找、安装、升级、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令</span></p>
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt命令执行需要超级管理员权限（root）</span></p>
<h3 class="md-end-block md-heading"><span class="md-plain">（1）源的配置</span></h3>
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt命令更新和安装软件包是从软件安装源中请求的，kali系统的源文件在/etc/apt/sources.list</span></p>
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<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">阿里云kali源</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">deb <span class="md-link md-pair-s">https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali<span class="md-plain"> kali-rolling main non-free contrib<span class="md-softbreak"> <span class="md-plain">deb-src <span class="md-link md-pair-s">https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali<span class="md-plain"> kali-rolling main non-free contrib</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="md-end-block md-heading"><span class="md-plain">（2）apt常见命令</span></h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="ul-list" data-mark="-">
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-get install<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#安装软件包</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-get remove<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#仅卸载软件，但是并不卸载配置文件</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-get purge<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#卸载指令，同时卸载相应的配置文件</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-get update<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#将所有包的来源更新（更新源）</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-get upgrade<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#将系统中旧版本的包升级成最新的</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-cache search<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#用关键字搜索包</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-cache show<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#显示特定包的基本信息</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-cache depends<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#列出包的依赖</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-get clean<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain">#清理本地包占用的磁盘空间（/var/cache/apt/archives）</span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li class="md-list-item">
<p class="md-end-block md-p"><span class="md-plain">apt-get autoremove<span class="md-tab"> <span class="md-plain md-expand">#卸载软件的时候同时卸载那些当初作为依赖但是现在并不需要的包</span></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/HKalpa/p/16293702.html
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