Debian系列网卡配置详解
<p>Debian系列的网卡配置和RH系列的不一样，这里说一下。 配置文件是/etc/network/interfaces，不管有多少网卡，只有这一个配置文件。</p><p>1.基本配置</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">auto <span class="hljs-selector-tag">lo #开机启动<span class="hljs-selector-tag">loopback网卡
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">iface <span class="hljs-selector-tag">lo <span class="hljs-selector-tag">inet <span class="hljs-selector-tag">loopback#网卡名称是<span class="hljs-selector-tag">lo, 类型是<span class="hljs-selector-tag">loopback
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">auto <span class="hljs-selector-tag">eth0
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">iface <span class="hljs-selector-tag">eth0 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">inet <span class="hljs-selector-tag">static
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">address 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.129
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">network 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.0
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">netmask 255<span class="hljs-selector-class">.255.255.0
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">broadcast 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.255
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">gateway 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>2.更复杂的应用，包括添加和删除路由。up就是当这个网卡启用时，反之是down。</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">up <span class="hljs-selector-tag">route <span class="hljs-selector-tag">add <span class="hljs-selector-tag">-net 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.128 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">netmask 255<span class="hljs-selector-class">.255.255.0 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">gw 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.2
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">up <span class="hljs-selector-tag">route <span class="hljs-selector-tag">add <span class="hljs-selector-tag">default <span class="hljs-selector-tag">gw 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.200
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">down <span class="hljs-selector-tag">route <span class="hljs-selector-tag">del <span class="hljs-selector-tag">default <span class="hljs-selector-tag">gw 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.200
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">down <span class="hljs-selector-tag">route <span class="hljs-selector-tag">del <span class="hljs-selector-tag">-net 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.128 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">netmask 255<span class="hljs-selector-class">.255.255.0 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">gw 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.200</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>3.一个物理网卡上多个接口的配置方法。这种方法在配置一块网卡多个网址的时候很常见，有几个地址就配几个接口，冒号后面的数字是随意写的，只要不重复即可。</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">auto <span class="hljs-selector-tag">eth0 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">eth0<span class="hljs-selector-pseudo">:<span class="hljs-selector-pseudo">1
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">iface <span class="hljs-selector-tag">eth0 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">inet <span class="hljs-selector-tag">static
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">address 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.100
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">network 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.0
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">netmask 255<span class="hljs-selector-class">.255.255.0
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">broadcast 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.255
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">gateway 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.1
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">iface <span class="hljs-selector-tag">eth0<span class="hljs-selector-pseudo">:<span class="hljs-selector-pseudo">1 <span class="hljs-selector-tag">inet <span class="hljs-selector-tag">static
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">address 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.200
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">network 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.0
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">netmask 255<span class="hljs-selector-class">.255.255.0
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">broadcast 192<span class="hljs-selector-class">.168.0.255</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>4.pre-up和post-down命令时间。这是一组命令（pre-up/up/post-up/pre-down/down/post-down），分别定义在对应的时刻需要执行的命令。</p>
<pre><code class="hljs nginx"><span class="hljs-attribute">auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up [ -f /etc/network/local-network-ok ]
<span class="hljs-comment"># 这条命令的作用是在激活eth0之前检查该文件是否存在，如果不存在则不会激活网卡。</span></span></code></pre>
<p>5.更复杂的例子</p>
<pre><code class="hljs groovy">auto eth0 eth1
iface eth0 inet <span class="hljs-keyword">static
address 192.168<span class="hljs-number">.<span class="hljs-number">42<span class="hljs-number">.1
netmask 255.255<span class="hljs-number">.<span class="hljs-number">255<span class="hljs-number">.0
pre-up <span class="hljs-regexp">/path/to/check-mac-address.sh eth0 11:22:33:44:55:66
pre-up <span class="hljs-regexp">/usr/local<span class="hljs-regexp">/sbin/enable-masq
pre-up <span class="hljs-regexp">/path/to/check-mac-address.sh eth1 <span class="hljs-string">AA<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">BB<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">CC<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">DD<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">EE<span class="hljs-string">:FF
pre-up <span class="hljs-regexp">/usr/local<span class="hljs-regexp">/sbin/enable-masq</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>这个用法是为了避免两块网卡的识别顺序变化导致的MAC地址交换。这个可以用下面的方法来解决。</p>
<pre><code class="hljs groovy">auto eth0 eth1
mapping eth0 eth1
script <span class="hljs-regexp">/path/to/get-mac-address.sh
map 11:22:33:44:55:66 lan
map <span class="hljs-string">AA<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">BB<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">CC<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">DD<span class="hljs-string">:<span class="hljs-string">EE<span class="hljs-string">:FF internet
iface lan inet <span class="hljs-keyword">static
address 192.168<span class="hljs-number">.<span class="hljs-number">42<span class="hljs-number">.1
netmask 255.255<span class="hljs-number">.<span class="hljs-number">255<span class="hljs-number">.0
pre-up <span class="hljs-regexp">/usr/local<span class="hljs-regexp">/sbin/enable-masq lan
iface internet inet dhcp
pre-up <span class="hljs-regexp">/usr/local<span class="hljs-regexp">/sbin/firewall internet</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>上面的代码中所用到的脚本都在/usr/share/doc/ifdown/examples/目录下。</p>
<p>6.用一个网卡，但不对这个网卡设置任何IP，而是交由外部程序来设置它</p>
<pre><code class="hljs nginx"><span class="hljs-attribute">auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
up ifconfig <span class="hljs-variable">$IFACE 0<span class="hljs-number">.0<span class="hljs-number">.0<span class="hljs-number">.0 up
up /usr/local/bin/myconfigscript
down ifconfig <span class="hljs-variable">$IFACE down</span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>7.配置混杂模式，用作监听接口。</p>
<pre><code class="hljs nginx"><span class="hljs-attribute">auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
up ifocnfig <span class="hljs-variable">$IFACE <span class="hljs-number">0.0.0.0 up
up ip link set <span class="hljs-variable">$IFACE promisc <span class="hljs-literal">on
down ip link set <span class="hljs-variable">$IFACE promisc <span class="hljs-literal">off
down ifconfig <span class="hljs-variable">$IFACE down</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>8.配置无线网络接口</p>
<pre><code class="hljs nginx"><span class="hljs-attribute">auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp</span></code></pre><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/surplus/p/12267411.html
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