Debian 12 (bookworm) 安装方法及其国内软件源
<div class="entry"><p class="summary"><strong>摘要</strong>: Debian 12 (bookworm) 已经于2023年6月份正式发布。以下为原来信息： Debian 12 (bookworm) 预计于2023年中期发布，但是目前（2023年4月）已经处于硬冻结阶段。原计划是在2023年中发布正式版本，但“Bookwo...</p>
<div class="entrycontent">
<p>Debian 12 (bookworm) 已经于2023年6月份正式发布。以下为原来信息：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Debian 12 (bookworm) 预计于2023年中期发布，但是目前（2023年4月）已经处于硬冻结阶段。原计划是在2023年中发布正式版本，但“Bookworm的探讨表明Debian 12 （Bookworm） 无望在 2023 年中公布；Debian 12 “Bookworm” 估计在 2023 的 7-8 月公布，具体取决于个性解冻后的 Bug 修复状况。</p>
<p>硬解冻期间，关键软件包和没有自动化测试的软件包禁止主动迁徙，须要公布团队手动迁徙。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>目前在Debian 源中已经有 Debian 12 (bookwor)，所以可以安装试用了。 桌面界面的问题可能会比较多，但是服务器使用已经相当稳定了。</p>
<h2 id="debian-12">安装 Debian 12</h2>
<p>Debian 12可以直接下载ISO镜像安装。我进行安装测试是用阿里云，一般情况下会在正式发布后半年左右官方才会提供安装镜像，目前肯定是没有的，所以需要通过Debian 11升级安装。</p>
<p>更新现有的软件至 Debian 11 的最新版本：</p>
<pre class="codehilite"><code>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
</code></pre>
<p>然后把 <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> 里面的内容全部注释掉，增加以下 Debian 12 的软件源：</p>
<h2 id="_1">国内常见镜像站点</h2>
<p>Debian全球镜像站列表：https://www.debian.org/mirror/list 。</p>
<p>下面列出国内常用的镜像站点及 <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> 中的具体对应内容：</p>
<h3 id="_2">阿里云镜像站</h3>
<pre class="codehilite"><code>deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
</code></pre>
<h3 id="_3">腾讯云镜像站</h3>
<pre class="codehilite"><code>deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
</code></pre>
<h3 id="_4">网易镜像站</h3>
<pre class="codehilite"><code>deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
</code></pre>
<h3 id="_5">华为镜像站</h3>
<pre class="codehilite"><code>deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
</code></pre>
<h3 id="_6">清华大学镜像站</h3>
<pre class="codehilite"><code>deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
</code></pre>
<h3 id="_7">中科大镜像站</h3>
<pre class="codehilite"><code>deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
</code></pre>
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