Ubuntu 升级python3为更高版本【已实测】
<p style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 16px">2020-04-13</span></p><h2><span style="font-size: 18px">更新安装步骤：</span></h2>
<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">1. 先update一下</span></h3>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">sudo apt update</span></pre>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">2. 安装依赖库</span></h3>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">sudo apt-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">get</span> install zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libdb-dev libpcap-dev xz-utils libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev libffi-dev libc6-dev</span></pre>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">3. 下载Python3安装包，并解压安装</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px">直接在python官网下载你想安装的版本</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px"><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1724937/202004/1724937-20200413214905910-1411161767.png" alt=""></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px">或者直接去python下载库里面下载对应的版本，我这里是Ubuntu系统要安装，下载后缀为.tgz的那个压缩包即可。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px"><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1724937/202004/1724937-20200413215010863-1764381003.png" alt=""></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 16px"> 也可直接在终端中使用命令下载：</span></p>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">wget <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.2/Python-3.8.2.tgz</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span></span></pre>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">tar zxvf Python-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3.8</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2</span>.tgz #解压</span></pre>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">cd Python-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3.8</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
sudo mkdir </span>-p /usr/local/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">python3 #建立安装目录
##编译安装
#后面加上 </span>--enable-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">optimizations 会自动安装pip3及优化配置
.</span>/configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3--enable-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">optimizations
make
sudo make install</span></span></pre>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">4. 删除软连接</span></h3>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">python3
sudo rm </span>-rf /usr/bin/pip3</span></pre>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">5. 新建软连接</span></h3>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">#添加python3的软链接
sudo ln </span>-s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">8</span> /usr/bin/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">python3
#添加 pip3 的软链接
sudo ln </span>-s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">8</span> /usr/bin/pip3</span></pre>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">6. 检测版本：</span></h3>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">python3 -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">V
pip3</span>-V</span></pre>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong>可能遇到的错误：</strong></span></h2>
<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">1. 在安装依赖包时，提示无法定位软件包：libexpat1-dev</span></h3>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 16px">解决方法：</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px">使用aptitude工具：</span></p>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">sudo apt-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">get</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> install aptitude
sudo aptitude install libexpat1</span>-dev</span></pre>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 16px">2. 无法使用Ctrl + Alt + T快捷键打开终端</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px">由于终端依赖于python3.5，因此无法打开终端，现在我们将python3的挂载点修改为python3.5，因此依赖于python3.5的软件会出现此问题。</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 16px">解决方法：</span></strong></p>
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<pre><span style="font-size: 16px">cd /usr/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">bin
sudo gedit gnome</span>-terminal</span></pre>
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<p><span style="font-size: 16px">将 !/usr/bin/python3改为 !/usr/bin/python3.5就好了。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px"><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1724937/202004/1724937-20200413232840933-1589897346.png" alt=""></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px"> 如果改完还没有解决这个问题，尝试添加 "LC_ALL=“en_US.UTF-8” 到 /etc/default/locale 文件的末尾。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p>
<p>参考链接：</p>
<p class="title-article" style="margin-left: 30px">在Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS上升级python 3.5到3.7.3实录</p>
<p class="title-article" style="margin-left: 30px">Python3.5升级3.7</p>
<p id="sf-article_title" class="h2 mb-3" style="margin-left: 30px">Ubuntu16.04安装Python3.7及其pip3并切换为默认版本</p>
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/jsdy/p/12694908.html
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