树莓派/Debian 挂载硬盘
<h2 id="前言">前言</h2><p>在 Linux 中要使用 Samba 文件协议来实现 NAS 配置，首先要挂载硬盘。本文来简述如何在 Linux 中来挂载硬盘。</p>
<h2 id="格式化">格式化</h2>
<p>将硬盘插入到主机对应接口。</p>
<h3 id="查看硬盘信息">查看硬盘信息</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">fdisk -l
</code></pre>
<p>可以看到插入的硬盘 /dev/sdb1 的文件系统类型为：FAT32 (LBA) 。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1591904/202003/1591904-20200326114945077-1058071937.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h3 id="格式化硬盘">格式化硬盘</h3>
<p>使用 fdisk 命令对 /dev/sdb1 进行分区</p>
<pre><code>fdisk /dev/sdb1
</code></pre>
<p>具体过程如下：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">root@debyogile:/home/yogile# fdisk /dev/sdb1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
# 删除硬盘原分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
# 添加硬盘新分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
# 添加分区，默认的分区格式是 primary
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
# 分区号默认 1
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
# 指定分区的起始扇区，一般默认 2048
First sector (2048-62668799, default 2048):
# 指定分区的终止扇区，一般默认最大值
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-62668799, default 62668799):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 29.9 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a vfat signature.
# 询问删除签名，确认：y
Do you want to remove the signature? es/o: y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
# 保存修改
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
</code></pre>
<p>复查硬盘信息</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">fdisk -l
</code></pre>
<p>可以看到插入的硬盘 /dev/sdb1 的硬盘类型为：Linux 。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1591904/202003/1591904-20200326115035705-361888979.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h3 id="格式化文件系统">格式化文件系统</h3>
<p>将硬盘文件系统格式化为 ext4 。</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1591904/202003/1591904-20200326115052736-1100046486.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h2 id="挂载硬盘">挂载硬盘</h2>
<h3 id="临时挂载">临时挂载</h3>
<p>要临时挂载硬盘到 /mnt：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
</code></pre>
<p>查看挂载点：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">df -h
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1591904/202003/1591904-20200326115114383-2108017047.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
<h3 id="永久挂载">永久挂载</h3>
<p>Debian 使用 UUID 来实现硬盘自动挂载。</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>通过 blkid 查找所有硬盘的 UUID：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">sudo blkid
</code></pre>
<p>可以看到挂载的硬盘 /dev/sdb1 的 UUID 为：<code>ad5f412a-0a0c-42af-afd3-eecec6fd96d2</code> ，TYPE 为：<code>ext4</code> 。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1591904/202003/1591904-20200326115124141-739935806.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>添加自动挂载点</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">sudo vim /etc/fstab
</code></pre>
<p>在最后一行添加：</p>
<pre><code class="language-vim">UUID=ad5f412a-0a0c-42af-afd3-eecec6fd96d2 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>执行挂载</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">sudo mount -a
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>查看挂载点：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">df -h
</code></pre>
<p>这时，<code>sudo reboot</code> 重启后挂载点依然存在。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="测试挂载">测试挂载</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>查看硬盘挂载文件夹</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cd /mnt
ls
</code></pre>
<p>可以看到默认创建的文件夹 lost+found ：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1591904/202003/1591904-20200326115142765-933055313.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>hdparm</code> 测试硬盘读写速度</p>
<p>下载 hdparm</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">sudo apt install hdparm
</code></pre>
<p>测试硬盘读写速度</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb1
</code></pre>
<p>可以看到读取 10948.93 MB/sec ，写入 131.46 MB/sec ，这是由于本文是在虚拟机上实现的，读写有误，请根据实际查看。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1591904/202003/1591904-20200326115204485-591955399.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>
</li>
</ul><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/Yogile/p/12573326.html
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