CentOS-7.6的安装和基本配置
<p> </p><p><strong>本文为最小化简易版安装，安装后需要后续配置网络等才能更好的使用，建议小白可以参考更详细更完整的安装方法，链接为：</strong></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">https://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/8338099.html#auto_id_22</span></p>
<p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> </span></strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)"><span lang="EN-US">说明：为了最小化安装后更方便配置网络，建议安装时使用</span><span lang="EN-US">在“软件选择”中的基本环境下选择【带<span lang="EN-US">GUI的服务器】安装，这样方便网络配置，后续不用可以再删除图形化界面。</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">同时在最小化安装时附加选项选择【开发工具】，将可能会安装以下文件，根据需要选择安装或不安装，包括如下：</span></p>
<p>必要的软件包：<br> +autoconf +automakebinutils +bison +flex gcc gcc-c++gettext<br> +libtool make+patch pkgconfig redhat-rpm-config +rpm-build +rpm-sign<br> 默认的软件包：<br> +byacc +cscope +ctags +diffstat +doxygen +elfutils +gcc-gfortran +git<br> +indent +intltool +patchutils +rcs +subversion +swig +systemtap</p>
<p><strong>一、准备环境：</strong></p>
<p>虚拟机管理软件：<span lang="EN-US">VMware Workstation<span lang="EN-US"> 12 Pro（或更高版本）</span></span></p>
<p>操作系统镜像：<span lang="EN-US">CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">1、 <span lang="EN-US">CengtOS镜像的下载</span></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">1）浏览器访问<span lang="EN-US">linux公社地址<span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-12/155686.htm</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">2）在文章的底部找到“<span lang="EN-US">CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso链接”，点击下载保存即可。（或直接用链接下载，下载链接为：<span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/centos/7.6.1810/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso</span>）</span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1639508/201906/1639508-20190617175445118-368158995.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">2、 <span lang="EN-US">VMware Workstation 12 Pro下载</span></span></p>
<p align="left">浏览器访问<span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">http://www.cncrk.com/downinfo/261448.html</span>，在页面底部选择普通下载中的任一一种即可，然后参考访问页面教程进行安装。</span></p>
<p align="left"><img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1639508/201906/1639508-20190617175511833-1888860829.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<p align="left"><strong>二、创建新的虚拟机</strong></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">1) 启动<span lang="EN-US">VMware Workstation软件，在主页点击【创建新的虚拟机】或在顶部菜单栏中，点击【文件】<span lang="EN-US">-【新建虚拟机】，启动新建虚拟机向导。</span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">2) 在欢迎使用新建虚拟机窗口，选择【典型（推荐）】，点击【下一步】。</span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">3) 在安装客户机操作系统窗口，选择【安装程序光盘映象文件（<span lang="EN-US">ISO）（<span lang="EN-US">M）】，点击其右边的【浏览】按钮选择上一步下载操作路径中的镜像文件“<span lang="EN-US">CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso“，点击【下一步】。</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">4) 在命名虚拟机窗口，自定义填写【虚拟机名称】和【虚拟机存储位置】，点击【下一步】。</span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">5) 在指定磁盘容量窗口，</span></p>
<p align="left">填写最大磁盘大小（<span lang="EN-US">GB）：（个人基本使用可设置<span lang="EN-US">10G-20G，仅供参考，后续可根据需要进行扩展磁盘容量），</span></span></p>
<p align="left">选择【将虚拟机磁盘存储为单个文件（<span lang="EN-US">O）】，</span></p>
<p align="left">点击【下一步】。</p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">6) 在已准备好创建虚拟机窗口，点击【自定义硬件】，调整<span lang="EN-US">CPU和内存大小（个人基本使用建议内存<span lang="EN-US">1G-2G，处理器数量为<span lang="EN-US">1个，处理器核心数量为<span lang="EN-US">1-2个，仅供参考，后续可根据实际情况进行增减），点击【关闭】，再点击【完成】。</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>安装操作系统</p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">1、 完成上述操作后，在<span lang="EN-US">VMware Workstation左侧库栏下【我的计算机】列表中选择刚配置好的虚拟机名称，再点击【开启此虚拟机】（绿色的播放图标按钮）。</span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">2、 虚拟机开启后出现安装菜单，鼠标进入后，通过键盘上下键选择【<span lang="EN-US">Install CentOS 7】，然后按键盘回车键，再按页面提示按【<span lang="EN-US">ENTER】即回车键。</span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">3、 在图形化安装界面，选择系统语言，自定义选择中文或英文（中文可在下方搜索框中输入<span lang="EN-US">chinese即出现），点击【继续】。</span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">4、 在安装信息摘要页面，可根据以下参考选项进行配置：（<span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">注意：需要</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">linux图形化界面的需要在“软件选择”中的基本环境下选择【带</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">GUI的服务器】，否则进入</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">linux都是命令行操作模式，无</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">windows系统般鼠标键盘可操作的图形界面</span>）</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>【本地化】：日期和时间选择【亚洲<span lang="EN-US">/上海 时区】、键盘选择【汉语】、语言支持选择【简体中文（中国）】；</span></p>
<p>【软件】：安装源选择【本地介质】、软件选择【最小安装】；</p>
<p>【系统】：安装位置选择【已选择自动分区】、<span lang="EN-US">KDUMP选择【已禁用<span lang="EN-US">Kdump】、网络和主机名用默认设置、<span lang="EN-US">SECURITY POLICY选择【<span lang="EN-US">No profile selected】；</span></span></span></span></p>
<p>然后点击【开始安装】。</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">5、 在配置页面，选择【用户配置】下的【<span lang="EN-US">ROOT密码】，设置系统账号密码，如果密码简单，则需要点击两次<span lang="EN-US">“完成<span lang="EN-US">”按钮</span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">6、 等待界面<span lang="EN-US">CentO S已成功安装并可以使用并出现【重启】按钮，点击【重启】，至此安装完成。</span></span></p>
<p>三、安装后配置：</p>
<p>在上述安装操作后，不需要任何操作，等待自动从重启至登录命令行，输入<span lang="EN-US">root账号密码登录即可。</span></p>
<p><img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1639508/201906/1639508-20190617175533307-1416865758.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<p>登录成功后禁用<span lang="EN-US">selinux（安全防护）、<span lang="EN-US">firewalld（防火墙）、<span lang="EN-US">NetworkManager。（建议个人使用时进行操作，公司系统不建议禁用）。操作命令如下：</span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"># vi /etc/selinux/config</span></p>
<p>修改内容为：</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">SELINUX=disabled</span></p>
<p>保存退出。</p>
<p>再输入<span lang="EN-US"># systemctl disable firewalld</span></p>
<p align="left">再输入<span lang="EN-US"># systemctl disable NetworkManager</span></p>
<p>接下来进行基本优化和程序安装：</p>
<p align="left">查看系统版本</p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US"># <span lang="EN-US">cat<span lang="EN-US"> /etc/redhat-release </span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">CentOS Linux release <span lang="EN-US">7.3<span lang="EN-US">.<span lang="EN-US">1611<span lang="EN-US"> (Core)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="left">修改<span lang="EN-US">yum源，<strong><span lang="EN-US">base源</span></strong></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US"># curl -o /etc/<span lang="EN-US">yum<span lang="EN-US">.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http:<span lang="EN-US">//mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US"> % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current</span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US"> Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed</span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">100<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">2573<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">100<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">2573<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">2940<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US"> --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- <span lang="EN-US">2940</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><strong>修改<span lang="EN-US"> epel源</span></strong></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US"># curl -o /etc/<span lang="EN-US">yum<span lang="EN-US">.repos.d/epel.repo http:<span lang="EN-US">//mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US"> % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current</span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US"> Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed</span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">100<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">1084<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">100<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">1084<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">915<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US">:<span lang="EN-US">00<span lang="EN-US">:<span lang="EN-US">01<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">0<span lang="EN-US">:<span lang="EN-US">00<span lang="EN-US">:<span lang="EN-US">01<span lang="EN-US"> --:--:-- <span lang="EN-US">916</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="left">安装软件</p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US">yum<span lang="EN-US"> <span lang="EN-US">install<span lang="EN-US"> vim <span lang="EN-US">wget<span lang="EN-US"> bash-completion lrzsz nmap nc tree htop iftop net-tools -y</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>更详细完整版的安装方式可以参考以下链接：</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">https://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/8338099.html#auto_id_22</span></p>
<p>声明：本人此文中的操作仅供参考，有任何问题本人不负责任，同时本人参考他人内容已在最后进行附加链接。</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p>参考链接：</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">1． <span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-12/155686.htm</span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">2． <span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">http://www.cncrk.com/downinfo/261448.html</span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">3． <span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">https://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/8338099.html</span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">4． <span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">https://blog.csdn.net/zjfjifei2008/article/details/84890328</span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">5． <span lang="EN-US"><span data-mce-="">https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoyi23000/article/details/80521337</span></span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">6． </span><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: rgba(5, 99, 193, 1); font-family: 等线">https://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/8338099.html#auto_id_22</span></span></span></p>
<p> </p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/fxcity/p/11041257.html
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