centos挂载磁盘及扩展根目录
<p>挂载磁盘</p><p>https://jingyan.baidu.com/album/a681b0de5b46db3b184346fc.html?picindex=2</p>
<p>扩展根目录:</p>
<p>https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38685754/article/details/85135264</p>
<p>https://www.jianshu.com/p/bf4ba81c9877</p>
<p>https://www.cnblogs.com/luck123/p/7994096.html (据说亲测有效--注意坑,别挂root下面??)</p>
<p>强制卸载命令 umount -l</p>
<p>https://blog.csdn.net/u014237598/article/details/83026286 为centos6的</p>
<p>https://blog.csdn.net/bigtree_3721/article/details/86646551 (扩展Centos7 逻辑卷 物理卷 卷组 实践,,非根分区扩展,经测比较有效)</p>
<h1 class="entry-title"><span style="font-size: 14px">Centos挂载硬盘(查看、分区、格式化、挂载)磁盘</span></h1>
<p>https://www.fujieace.com/linux/centos-mount.html</p>
<p>http://www.360doc.com/content/18/0316/10/670256_737454830.shtml</p>
<p>https://blog.csdn.net/bigtree_3721/article/details/86646551</p>
<p>删除逻辑卷</p>
<p>https://blog.51cto.com/junongs/2330676?source=dra</p>
<p>强制卸载命令:</p>
<p>https://blog.csdn.net/qq_19175749/article/details/51154529</p>
<p><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">##########################################################################################################</span></p>
<p>https://blog.csdn.net/bigtree_3721/article/details/86646551 (扩展Centos7 逻辑卷 物理卷 卷组 实践,,非根分区扩展,经测比较有效)</p>
<p>第一章: 相关概念<br><br>1.物理存储介质(PhysicalStorageMedia):指系统的物理存储设备==>磁盘,如:/dev/hda、/dev/sda等,是存储系统最底层的存储单元。<br><br>2.物理卷(Physical Volume,PV):指磁盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备(如RAID),是LVM的基本存储逻辑块,但和基本的物理存储介质(如分区、磁盘等)比较,却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。<br><br>3.卷组(Volume Group,VG):是由一个或多个物理卷所组成的存储池,在卷组上能创建一个或多个逻辑卷。<br><br>4.逻辑卷(Logical Volume,LV):类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区,它建立在卷组之上,是一个标准的块设备,在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统。<br><br>第二章 实践与例子<br><br>1 创建物理卷<br><br>物理卷(Physical Volume,PV):就是指硬盘分区,也可以是整个硬盘或已创建的软RAID,是LVM的基本存储设备。在创建逻辑卷之前需要先创建物理卷,然后将多个物理卷组合创建卷组,最后在卷组的基础上创建逻辑卷。<br><br>将空白硬盘(或者分区)加入主机,系统识别到新的硬盘sdb后,使用pvcreate对硬盘创建PV: <br>代码实现:<br><br># lsblk /dev/sdb<br>NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT<br>vdc 253:32 0 500G 0 disk <br> <br>#fdisk /dev/sdb<br>....<br> <br> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System<br>/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83 Linux<br>Command (m for help): t<br>Selected partition 1<br>Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e # 修改系统ID为 Linux LVM<br>Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'<br> <br>Command (m for help): p<br> <br>Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors<br>Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>Disk label type: dos<br>Disk identifier: 0x6200a0ac<br> <br> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System<br>/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 8e Linux LVM<br> <br>Command (m for help): w<br>The partition table has been altered!<br> <br>Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<br>Syncing disks.<br> <br>//注,如果是第一次建立的新磁盘,则应该先分区。命令顺序如下:<br> <br># fdisk /dev/sdb<br>>n<br>然后选择p(主分区)<br>>p<br>然后一路回车<br>>t <br>后面的命令和上面一样了。<br> <br> <br> # 创建物理卷<br># pvcreate /dev/sdb1 <br> Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.<br># pvdisplay<br> "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"<br> --- NEW Physical volume ---<br> PV Name /dev/sdb1<br> VG Name <br> PV Size 10.00 GiB<br> Allocatable NO<br> PE Size 0 <br> Total PE 0<br> Free PE 0<br> Allocated PE 0<br> PV UUID xT6409-MGxH-M7Dy-TvZz-Fl55-qarO-Bb1n3U<br><br><br>需要注意的是,如果针对空闲分区创建PV,需要重新指定分区的系统ID。在上面的代码中Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e指定分区的系统ID为Linux LVM。空白为分区磁盘直接使用pvcreate /dev/sdb命令,系统ID自动转成Linux LVM。<br><br>2 创建卷组<br><br>卷组(Volume Group,VG):是由一个或多个物理卷所组成的存储池,在卷组上能创建一个或多个逻辑卷。现在使用vgcreate命令对上文创建的PV(单个物理卷)创建卷组。 <br>代码实现:<br><br>#vgcreate vg0 /dev/sdb1 # 创建卷组vg0,指定物理块PE大小10M,并将pv:/dev/sdb1加入vg0.<br> Volume group "vg0" successfully created<br>#vgdisplay # 查看所有卷组的信息.后面接具体卷组名,可查看指定卷组信息<br> --- Volume group ---<br> VG Name vg0<br> System ID <br> Format lvm2<br> Metadata Areas 1<br> Metadata Sequence No 1<br> VG Access read/write<br> VG Status resizable<br> MAX LV 0<br> Cur LV 0<br> Open LV 0<br> Max PV 0<br> Cur PV 1<br> Act PV 1<br> VG Size 9.99 GiB<br> PE Size 4.00 MiB<br> Total PE 1023<br> Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 <br> Free PE / Size 1023 / 9.99 GiB<br> VG UUID 46Z4tB-d71l-nfir-t6sB-cZPo-SBfl-eFCDIj<br>#pvdisplay # 查看所当前物理卷的信息.后面可接具体物理卷设备,可查看指定物理卷信息<br> --- Physical volume ---<br> PV Name /dev/sdb1<br> VG Name vg0 # 已加入卷组vg0<br> PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 10.00 MiB<br> Allocatable yes<br> PE Size 10.00 MiB # pe大小<br> Total PE 1023 # 当前物理卷的pe总数<br> Free PE 1023 # 当前物理卷的未被划分逻辑卷的pe总数<br> Allocated PE 0<br> PV UUID xT6409-MGxH-M7Dy-TvZz-Fl55-qarO-Bb1n3U<br><br>3 创建逻辑卷<br><br>逻辑卷(Logical Volume,LV):类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区,它建立在卷组之上,是一个标准的块设备,在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统。可以使用lvcreate命令创建逻辑卷 <br>代码实现:<br><br># lvcreate -n lv0 -l 100%vg vg0 # 使用vg0的全部空间创建逻辑卷lv0<br> Logical volume "lv0" created.<br># lvdisplay<br> --- Logical volume ---<br> LV Path /dev/vg0/lv0<br> LV Name lv0<br> VG Name vg0<br> LV UUID zGNz6W-N4QC-m3ZF-ey3h-mP7i-gFJ3-DjGMX1<br> LV Write Access read/write<br> LV Creation host, time Centos7.magedu.com, 2017-08-19 21:27:34 +0800<br> LV Status available<br> # open 0<br> LV Size 9.99 GiB<br> Current LE 1023<br> Segments 1<br> Allocation inherit<br> Read ahead sectors auto<br> - currently set to 8192<br> Block device 253:0<br><br># lsblk -f /dev/sdb<br>NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT<br>sdb <br>└─sdb1 LVM2_member xT6409-MGxH-M7Dy-TvZz-Fl55-qarO-Bb1n3U<br> └─vg0-lv0<br><br>此时会在/dev目录下生成一个新的设备文件:<br><br># ll /dev/vg0/lv0<br>lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 19 21:27 /dev/vg0/lv0 -> ../dm-0 # 软链接文件<br><br>#ll /dev/dm-0<br>brw-rw----. 1 root disk 253, 0 Aug 19 21:27 /dev/dm-0<br><br>4 创建文件系统<br><br>在逻辑卷lv0创建完成后话需要创建文件系统并挂载到制定目录才能够使用,当然还需要将挂载信息写入/etc/fstab文件 <br>代码实现:<br><br># mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lv0 # 创建文件系统<br>meta-data=/dev/vg0/lv0 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=654720 blks<br> = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1<br> = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0<br>data = bsize=4096 blocks=2618880, imaxpct=25<br> = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks<br>naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1<br>log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2<br> = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1<br>realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0<br># lsblk /dev/sdb -f<br>NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT<br>sdb <br>└─sdb1 LVM2_member xT6409-MGxH-M7Dy-TvZz-Fl55-qarO-Bb1n3U<br> └─vg0-lv0 xfs 549cfbaa-a6dc-4161-a765-5f55af78131a <br># lsblk /dev/vg0/lv0 -f<br>NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT<br>vg0-lv0 xfs 549cfbaa-a6dc-4161-a765-5f55af78131a<br># mkdir /mnt/lv0 && mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /mnt/lv0 # 将逻辑卷挂载到制定目录<br>#df -T # 查看挂载点<br>Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on<br>/dev/sda2 xfs 52403200 4605416 47797784 9% /<br>/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 172116 866220 17% /boot<br>/dev/sda5 xfs 52403200 376288 52026912 1% /app<br>/dev/sr0 iso9660 8086368 8086368 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64<br>/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 xfs 10465280 32944 10432336 1% /mnt/lv0<br># blkid /dev/vg0/lv0<br>/dev/vg0/lv0: UUID="549cfbaa-a6dc-4161-a765-5f55af78131a" TYPE="xfs"<br>#df -T /dev/vg0/lv0<br>Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on<br>/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 xfs 10465280 32944 10432336 1% /mnt/lv0<br># echo "UUID=549cfbaa-a6dc-4161-a765-5f55af78131a /mnt/lv0 xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab<br># cat /etc/fstab | egrep "UUID"<br>UUID=806ef114-dff2-4c17-aff7-c95bc67faf40 / xfs defaults 0 0<br>UUID=3df87bb6-2f6f-4d3f-af94-5ec47d2a9796 /app xfs defaults 0 0<br>UUID=1e7ba91a-85c8-442b-b105-bc61c00ddbee /boot xfs defaults 0 0<br>UUID=cc0e9678-d369-4bb9-9039-fd2f322df8b4 swap swap defaults 0 0<br>UUID=549cfbaa-a6dc-4161-a765-5f55af78131a /mnt/lv0 xfs defaults 0 0<br><br>至此,逻辑卷创建完毕并可投入使用。<br><br>5 扩展逻辑卷<br><br>任何分区在使用过程中难免会遇到空间不足的情况,逻辑卷也不例外。但我们可以很方便的多逻辑卷进行扩展,不论是使用新的空白磁盘还是已有的空白分区。其大致实现原理为:对空白分区创建物理卷,然后将物理卷加入到需要扩展逻辑卷所在的卷组,最后扩大逻辑卷空间。如果逻辑卷所在的卷组还有空闲的空间(PE)可被使用且足够大,则甚至不需要另外的分区或者磁盘。本文还是以新的分区为例扩展逻辑卷lv0. <br>代码实现: <br>修改系统ID并创建PV<br><br>#lsblk -f /dev/sdc<br>NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT<br>sdc <br>└─sdc1 xfs 6ef26358-ce07-4b0c-b28b-07caa90838bd<br>#fdisk /dev/sdc<br>Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).<br><br>Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.<br>Be careful before using the write command.<br><br><br>Command (m for help): p<br><br>Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors<br>Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>Disk label type: dos<br>Disk identifier: 0xe20e9d16<br><br> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System<br>/dev/sdc1 2048 62914559 31456256 83 Linux<br><br>Command (m for help): t<br>Selected partition 1<br>Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e<br>Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'<br><br>Command (m for help): p<br><br>Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors<br>Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>Disk label type: dos<br>Disk identifier: 0xe20e9d16<br><br> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System<br>/dev/sdc1 2048 62914559 31456256 8e Linux LVM<br><br>Command (m for help): w<br>The partition table has been altered!<br><br>Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<br>Syncing disks.<br>#pvcreate /dev/sdc1 # 在指定分区上创建物理卷<br>WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdc1 at offset 0. Wipe it? : y<br> Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdc1.<br> Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.<br>#pvs<br> PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree<br> /dev/sdb1 vg0 lvm2 a-- 9.99g 0<br> /dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- 30.00g 30.00g<br><br>将PV加入到指定VG<br><br>#vgextend vg0 /dev/sdc1 # 将物理卷加入已有的卷组<br> Volume group "vg0" successfully extended<br>#vgs<br> VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree<br> vg0 2 1 0 wz--n- 39.98g 29.99g # VFREE为30G,即为新增物理卷的空间<br>#pvdisplay /dev/sdc1<br> --- Physical volume ---<br> PV Name /dev/sdc1<br> VG Name vg0<br> PV Size 30.00 GiB / not usable 9.00 MiB<br> Allocatable yes<br> PE Size 10.00 MiB<br> Total PE 3071<br> Free PE 3071<br> Allocated PE 0<br> PV UUID Ez6ZFl-xjWR-gQHp-O3Yj-vTza-2OCE-h7Jccy<br><br>可知,将新建的PV加入到vg0后,vg0也有了30G的可用空间。同时/dev/sdc1的PE大小自动与/dev/sdb1同步为10M。 <br>扩展逻辑卷LV<br><br>#lvs<br> LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert<br> lv0 vg0 -wi-ao---- 9.99g <br><br>#lvextend -l 100%free /dev/vg0/lv0 # 扩展逻辑卷,使用卷组的全部可用空间<br> Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 9.99 GiB (1023 extents) to 29.99 GiB (3071 extents).<br> Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized.<br>#lvs<br> LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert<br> lv0 vg0 -wi-ao---- 29.99g <br>#lvdisplay<br> --- Logical volume ---<br> LV Path /dev/vg0/lv0<br> LV Name lv0<br> VG Name vg0<br> LV UUID zGNz6W-N4QC-m3ZF-ey3h-mP7i-gFJ3-DjGMX1<br> LV Write Access read/write<br> LV Creation host, time Centos7.magedu.com, 2017-08-19 21:27:34 +0800<br> LV Status available<br> # open 1<br> LV Size 29.99 GiB<br> Current LE 3071<br> Segments 2<br> Allocation inherit<br> Read ahead sectors auto<br> - currently set to 8192<br> Block device 253:0<br><br>#lsblk -f /dev/sd{b,c}<br>NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT<br>sdb <br>└─sdb1 LVM2_member xT6409-MGxH-M7Dy-TvZz-Fl55-qarO-Bb1n3U<br> └─vg0-lv0 xfs 549cfbaa-a6dc-4161-a765-5f55af78131a /mnt/lv0<br>sdc <br>└─sdc1 LVM2_member Ez6ZFl-xjWR-gQHp-O3Yj-vTza-2OCE-h7Jccy<br> └─vg0-lv0 xfs 549cfbaa-a6dc-4161-a765-5f55af78131a /mnt/lv0<br><br>逻辑卷扩展成功。<br><br>5 删除逻辑卷<br><br>本文由于更多是演示,删除逻辑卷会卷组、物理卷一并彻底删除。但实际生产中可能只是单独删除逻辑卷,卷组、物理卷还会保留。当然,实际生产中很少需要删除逻辑卷。在删除逻辑卷之前,所有有用的资料都需要备份转移。 <br>代码实现:<br><br>#sed -i '/lv0/d' /etc/fstab && umount /mnt/lv0/ # 删除配置信息<br>#cat /etc/fstab | egrep "UUID"<br>UUID=806ef114-dff2-4c17-aff7-c95bc67faf40 / xfs defaults 0 0<br>UUID=3df87bb6-2f6f-4d3f-af94-5ec47d2a9796 /app xfs defaults 0 0<br>UUID=1e7ba91a-85c8-442b-b105-bc61c00ddbee /boot xfs defaults 0 0<br>UUID=cc0e9678-d369-4bb9-9039-fd2f322df8b4 swap swap defaults 0 0<br>#df -T<br>Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on<br>/dev/sda2 xfs 52403200 4605388 47797812 9% /<br>/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 172116 866220 17% /boot<br>/dev/sda5 xfs 52403200 376288 52026912 1% /app<br>/dev/sr0 iso9660 8086368 8086368 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64<br>#lvs<br> LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert<br> lv0 vg0 -wi-a----- 29.99g<br>#lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0 # 移除逻辑卷<br>Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/lv0? : y<br> Logical volume "lv0" successfully removed<br>#lvs<br>#vgs<br> VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree<br> vg0 2 0 0 wz--n- 39.98g 39.98g<br>#vgremove vg0 # # 移除卷组<br> Volume group "vg0" successfully removed<br>#vgs<br>#pvs<br> PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree<br> /dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g<br> /dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- 30.00g 30.00g<br>#pvremove /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 # 移除物理卷<br> Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.<br> Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped.<br>#pvs<br>#lsblk -f /dev/sd{b,c}<br>NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT<br>sdb <br>└─sdb1 <br>sdc <br>└─sdc1 LVM2_member Ez6ZFl-xjWR-gQHp-O3Yj-vTza-2OCE-h7Jccy<br><br>至此,逻辑卷删除完成。当然,/dev/sdc1显示LVM2_member(实际上sdb1也是的),这是由于我们前面将/dev/sdc1的系统ID改为8e导致的,重新将系统ID改回83即可。</p>
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来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/yaok430/p/11363162.html
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