Ubuntu安装Nginx

马昌娟 發表於 2019-7-16 17:09:00

在Ubuntu下安装Nginx有以下方法，但是如果想要安装最新版本的就必须下载源码包编译安装。
一、基于APT源安装
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo apt-get install nginx</pre>
</div>
安装好的文件位置：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序
/etc/nginx：存放配置文件
/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件
/var/log/nginx：存放日志</pre>
</div>
　　其实从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道，Linux系统的配置文件一般放在  /etc ，日志一般放在  /var/log ，运行的程序一般放在  /usr/sbin 或者  /usr/bin 。
　　当然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方，可以打开  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
　　我猜测，Nginx如果指定默认加载  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  的配置文件。如果要查看加载的是哪个配置文件，可以用这个命令  sudo nginx -t  或者  ps -ef | grep nginx 。
　　然后通过这种方式安装的，会自动创建服务，会自动在  /etc/init.d/nginx  新建服务脚本，然后就可以使用  sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}  的命令启动。
脚本如下：
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img id="code_img_closed_47ceab4f-11f3-432b-966d-70a2f63433b1" class="code_img_closed" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt=""><img id="code_img_opened_47ceab4f-11f3-432b-966d-70a2f63433b1" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_47ceab4f-11f3-432b-966d-70a2f63433b1" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre>#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi

STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
PID=/run/nginx.pid
fi

if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
ulimit $ULIMIT
fi

start_nginx() {
# Start the daemon/service
#
# Returns:
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
 || return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
 $DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
 || return 2
}

test_config() {
# Test the nginx configuration
$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}

stop_nginx() {
# Stops the daemon/service
#
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
sleep 1
return "$RETVAL"
}

reload_nginx() {
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}

rotate_logs() {
# Rotate log files
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}

upgrade_nginx() {
# Online upgrade nginx executable
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
 #
# Return
# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
# 1 if nginx is not running
# 2 if the pid files were not created on time
# 3 if the old master could not be killed
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
 # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
 while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
 cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
 if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
 return 2
 fi
 sleep 1
 done
 # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
 if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
 return 0
 else
 return 3
 fi
else
 return 1
fi
}

case "$1" in
start)
 log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
 start_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
 2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
 esac
 ;;
stop)
 log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
 stop_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
 2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
 esac
 ;;
restart)
 log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"

 # Check configuration before stopping nginx
 if ! test_config; then
 log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
 exit $?
 fi

 stop_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0|1)
 start_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
 *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
 esac
 ;;
 *)
 # Failed to stop
 log_end_msg 1
 ;;
 esac
 ;;
reload|force-reload)
 log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

 # Check configuration before stopping nginx
 #
 # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
 # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
 # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
 # to the administrator.
 if ! test_config; then
 log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
 exit $?
 fi

 reload_nginx
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
configtest|testconfig)
 log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
 test_config
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
status)
 status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
 ;;
upgrade)
 log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
 upgrade_nginx
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
rotate)
 log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
 rotate_logs
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
*)
 echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
 exit 3
 ;;
esac</pre>
</div>
脚本</div>
　　还有一个好处，创建好的文件由于放在/usr/sbin目录下，所以能直接在终端中使用nginx命令而无需指定路径。
二、通过源码包编译安装
　　这种方式可以自定安装指定的模块以及最新的版本。方式更灵活。
　　官方下载页面：http://nginx.org/en/download.html
　　configure配置文件详解：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
　　安装gcc g++的依赖库
　　Nginx是C语言开发，安装nginx需要先将官网下载的源码进行编译，编译依赖gcc环境，如果没有gcc环境
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libtool</pre>
<pre>centos的话：yum install gcc-c++ </pre>
</div>
　　安装pcre依赖库（http://www.pcre.org/）
　　是一个Perl库，包括 perl 兼容的正则表达式库。nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式，所以需要在linux上安装pcre库
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev</pre>
<pre>centos的话：yum install -y pcre pcre-devel</pre>
</div>
　　安装zlib依赖库（http://www.zlib.net）
　　zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的方式，nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip，所以需要在linux上安装zlib库
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev</pre>
<pre>centos的话：yum install -y zlib zlib-devel</pre>
</div>
　　安装SSL依赖库（16.04默认已经安装了）
　　OpenSSL 是一个强大的安全套接字层密码库，囊括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及SSL协议，并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。 　　nginx不仅支持http协议，还支持https（即在ssl协议上传输http），所以需要在linux安装openssl库。
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo apt-get install openssl</pre>
<pre>centos的话：yum install -y openssl openssl-devel</pre>
</div>
安装Nginx
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#下载最新版本：
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#解压：
tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.9.tar.gz
#进入解压目录：
cd nginx-1.13.6
#配置：
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
#编译：
make
#安装：
sudo make install
#启动：
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
注意：-c 指定配置文件的路径，不加的话，nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件，可以通过-h查看帮助命令。
#查看进程：
ps -ef | grep nginx</pre>
</div>
关于configure、make、make install
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>源码的安装一般由有这三个步骤：配置(configure)、编译(make)、安装(make install)

其中–prefix选项就是配置安装的路径，如果不配置该选项，安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr /local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share，比较分散。
为了便于集中管理某个软件的各种文件，可以配置–prefix，如：./configure –prefix=/usr/local 。可以把所有资源文件放在/usr/local的路径中，就不会分散了。 使用--prefix选项的另一个好处是方便卸载软件或移植软件；当某个安装的软件不再需要时，只须简单的删除该安装目录，就可以把软件卸载得干干净净；而移植软件只需拷贝整个目录到另外一个机器即可（相同的操作系统下）。</pre>
</div>
configure
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>首先检查机器的一些配置和环境，系统的相关依赖。如果缺少相关依赖，脚本会停止执行，软件安装失败
根据之前检查环境和依赖的结果，生产Makefile文件（main job）</pre>
</div>
make
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>make是Unix系统下的一个包。执行make命令需Makefile文件。make会根据Makefile文件中指令来安装软件
Makefile文件中有许多标签，来表示不同的section。一般的，make会编译源代码并生成可执行文件，其实Makefile主要就是描述文件编译的相互依赖关系</pre>
</div>
make install
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>当执行make命令不加任何参数，程序就会按照Makefile的指令在相应的section间跳转并且执行相应的命令
加上install参数即执行make install时，程序只会执行install section处的命令。install section的指令会将make阶段生产的可执行文件拷贝到相应的地方，例如/usr/local/bin
make clean 会删除上次make生产的obj文件以及可执行文件</pre>
</div>
配置软链接
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx</pre>
</div>
现在就可以不用路径直接输入nginx启动。
配置开机启动服务
在/etc/init.d/下创建nginx文件，sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx，内容如下：
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img id="code_img_closed_87bda383-b3a8-4a6d-8443-fecb56526a83" class="code_img_closed" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt=""><img id="code_img_opened_87bda383-b3a8-4a6d-8443-fecb56526a83" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_87bda383-b3a8-4a6d-8443-fecb56526a83" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre>#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi

STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
PID=/run/nginx.pid
fi

if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
ulimit $ULIMIT
fi

start_nginx() {
# Start the daemon/service
#
# Returns:
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
 || return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
 $DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
 || return 2
}

test_config() {
# Test the nginx configuration
$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}

stop_nginx() {
# Stops the daemon/service
#
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
sleep 1
return "$RETVAL"
}

reload_nginx() {
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}

rotate_logs() {
# Rotate log files
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}

upgrade_nginx() {
# Online upgrade nginx executable
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
 #
# Return
# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
# 1 if nginx is not running
# 2 if the pid files were not created on time
# 3 if the old master could not be killed
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
 # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
 while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
 cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
 if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
 return 2
 fi
 sleep 1
 done
 # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
 if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
 return 0
 else
 return 3
 fi
else
 return 1
fi
}

case "$1" in
start)
 log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
 start_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
 2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
 esac
 ;;
stop)
 log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
 stop_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
 2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
 esac
 ;;
restart)
 log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"

 # Check configuration before stopping nginx
 if ! test_config; then
 log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
 exit $?
 fi

 stop_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0|1)
 start_nginx
 case "$?" in
 0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
 *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
 esac
 ;;
 *)
 # Failed to stop
 log_end_msg 1
 ;;
 esac
 ;;
reload|force-reload)
 log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

 # Check configuration before stopping nginx
 #
 # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
 # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
 # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
 # to the administrator.
 if ! test_config; then
 log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
 exit $?
 fi

 reload_nginx
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
configtest|testconfig)
 log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
 test_config
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
status)
 status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
 ;;
upgrade)
 log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
 upgrade_nginx
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
rotate)
 log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
 rotate_logs
 log_end_msg $?
 ;;
*)
 echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
 exit 3
 ;;
esac</pre>
</div>
脚本</div>
-
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#设置服务脚本有执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#注册服务 cd /etc/init.d/
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults</pre>
</div>
现在基本上就可以开机启动了，常用的命令如下：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}</pre>
</div>
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/dongye95/p/11196118.html

頁: [1]

琼殿技术论坛's Archiver

Ubuntu安装Nginx