从CentOS 7.0升级到7.7版本

素面朝天 發表於 2020-4-18 23:06:00

我平时都在VirtualBox上装虚拟机，方法是导入ova镜像文件，比如导入从网上下载的CentOS7-base.ova，该ova为CentOS 7.0版本，而现在最新版本为7.7，为此进入系统后第一件事就是系统升级：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum update</pre>
</div>
可是该命令居然异常退出了！
重新进入系统后检查：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># uname -r
3.10.0-123.9.2.el7.x86_64

# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-123.9.2.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Oct 28 18:05:26 UTC 2014

# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)</pre>
</div>
可见Linux发行版本号已改为7.7，但核心仍然是旧版本，并且再次执行yum update命令失败，说明系统未升级成功。经常一段时间摸索找到两种从7.0升级到7.7的方法。
<h2>方法一：升级失败后手工解决错误并重新升级</h2>
yum update命令异常退出后重新登录系统，然后执行：
<h3>清理上次失败的命令</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only</pre>
</div>
<h3>查看重复的包</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># package-cleanup --dupes
kbd-misc-1.15.5-10.el7.noarch
kbd-misc-1.15.5-15.el7.noarch
nss-tools-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64
nss-tools-3.16.2-7.el7_0.x86_64
...
gzip-1.5-10.el7.x86_64
gzip-1.5-7.el7.x86_64</pre>
</div>
该命令本应无输出，但由于上次yum update命令失败导致大量重复的新旧包。
<h3>删除重复的包</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># package-cleanup --cleandupes
...
Complete!
Warning: Some duplicates were not removed because they are required by installed packages.
You can try --cleandupes with --removenewestdupes, or review them with --dupes and remove manually.</pre>
</div>
该命令虽然删除了很多重复包，但提示未完全清除。
<h3>尝试重新升级</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum update
...
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
 Requires: avahi = 0.6.31-13.el7
 Removing: avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
 avahi = 0.6.31-13.el7
 Updated By: avahi-0.6.31-19.el7.x86_64 (base)
 avahi = 0.6.31-19.el7
Error: firewalld conflicts with 1:NetworkManager-0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64
Error: avahi-libs conflicts with avahi-0.6.31-19.el7.x86_64
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
...</pre>
</div>
仍升级失败！
<h3>根据上面的错误信息删除旧包</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
 avahi-libs = 0.6.31-13.el7 is needed by (installed) avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64
 avahi-libs = 0.6.31-13.el7 is needed by (installed) avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64</pre>
</div>
该命令失败，原因是存在依赖项。为此需同时删除依赖项：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
 avahi-autoipd is needed by (installed) NetworkManager-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64</pre>
</div>
仍有其它级联依赖项，一并删除：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> NetworkManager-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
 NetworkManager = 1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2 is needed by (installed) NetworkManager-tui-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64</pre>
</div>
继续一并删除：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> NetworkManager-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64 \
> NetworkManager-tui-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64</pre>
</div>
成功！
<h3>继续尝试升级</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum update
...
Replaced:
grub2.x86_64 1:2.02-0.2.10.el7.centos.1

Complete!</pre>
</div>
成功！成功升级后请重启系统：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># reboot</pre>
</div>
<h3>再次查看并删除重复的包</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># package-cleanup --dupes
...
kbd-misc-1.15.5-10.el7.noarch
kbd-misc-1.15.5-15.el7.noarch
libdb-5.3.21-25.el7.x86_64
libdb-5.3.21-17.el7_0.1.x86_64
...
libteam-1.27-9.el7.x86_64
libteam-1.9-15.el7.x86_64</pre>
</div>
仍有一些重复的包，删除之：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># package-cleanup --cleandupes
...
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Rpmdb checksum is invalid: pkg checksums: grub2-tools-1:2.02-0.2.10.el7.centos.1.x86_64
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
...</pre>
</div>
不知何故居然报错了，但再次执行就成功了：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># package-cleanup --cleandupes
...
Removed:
audit-libs.x86_64 0:2.3.3-4.el7 bind-license.noarch 32:9.9.4-14.el7 device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.84-14.el7
device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.84-14.el7 device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.84-14.el7 dracut.x86_64 0:033-161.el7
e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-4.el7 kbd-misc.noarch 0:1.15.5-10.el7 libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-4.el7
libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-19.el7 libdb.x86_64 0:5.3.21-17.el7_0.1 libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-4.el7
libteam.x86_64 0:1.9-15.el7 systemd.x86_64 0:208-11.el7_0.4 systemd-libs.x86_64 0:208-11.el7_0.4

Complete!</pre>
</div>
再检查一下是否有重复的包：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># package-cleanup --dupes</pre>
</div>
没有重复的包了。
<h3>重启系统并再次检查新版本号</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># reboot # uname -r
3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64 # cat /proc/version Linux version 3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Mar 17 23:49:17 UTC 2020 # cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)</pre>
</div>
完全正确！至此升级成功！
 
<h2>方法二：从7.0到7.5再到7.7版本</h2>
如果你已执行了yum update命令并且失败则只能用上面的方法一解决，本方法适用于新装系统。
<h3>从7.0升级到7.5版本</h3>
yum update命令默认升级到最新版，但我们可修改配置文件让其升级到指定的版本。
<h4>检查是否有更新</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum list centos-release
...
Installed Packages
centos-release.x86_64 7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.5 @updates
Available Packages
centos-release.x86_64 7-7.1908.0.el7.centos base</pre>
</div>
该命令显示当前版本是7.0，可升级到7.7版本（但我们知道升级会报错）。
<h4>修改CentOS-Base.repo文件，指向7.5版本库</h4>
把CentOS-Base.repo文件里的mirrorlist注释掉，并增加相应的baseurl，其它不变，如下：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
...
 ...
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/os/$basearch/
... 
 ...
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/updates/$basearch/
... 

... #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/extras/$basearch/
... 
 ...
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/centosplus/$basearch/
...</pre>
</div>
<h4>清空缓存</h4>
修改配置文件后要清理一下缓存：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum clean all</pre>
</div>
<h4>再次检查更新</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum list centos-release
Installed Packages
centos-release.x86_64 7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.5 @updates
Available Packages
centos-release.x86_64 7-5.1804.5.el7.centos updates</pre>
</div>
可见如果升级则将升级到7.5版本。
<h4>升级到7.5版本</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum update</pre>
</div>
升级成功后请reboot重启系统。
<h3>从7.5升级到7.7版本</h3>
把上面的CentOS-Base.repo文件还原、清空缓存、然后执行yum update即可。
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/yang-wu/p/12728595.html

頁: [1]

琼殿技术论坛's Archiver

从CentOS 7.0升级到7.7版本