CentOS 8 配置 VNC Server

蒲粤山 發表於 2021-1-17 15:49:00

<div class="post-title">CentOS 8 配置 VNC Server</div>
<div class="post-info">2020-12-31 | 标签: centos, vnc</div>
<div class="entry">
<h2 id="前言">前言</h2>
<p>CentOS 8 配置 VNC Server，使用户可以远程访问，本例介绍安装和配置流程。</p>
<h3 id="环境说明">环境说明</h3>
<p>CentOS 8（Desktop Install）</p>
<p>因为使用图形用户界面，本例使用 GNOME 桌面环境。</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">cat /etc/centos-release
<span class="go">CentOS Linux release 8.3.2011
</span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>本例中 Linux（CentOS 8) 系统用户有两个 root 和 admin，VNC Viewer 使用 admin 进行访问。</p>
<h2 id="安装">安装</h2>
<h3 id="安装桌面环境">安装桌面环境</h3>
<p>如果没有安装 Desktop 版本，需要先安装 X Windows。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">注意</code></p>
<p>安装桌面环境，未测试。</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo dnf groupinstall <span class="s2">"workstation"
<span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo dnf groupinstall <span class="s2">"Server with GUI"
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>设置默认启动图形界面</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo systemctl set-default graphical
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>重启服务器</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo reboot
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>重启之后，应该有 CentOS 8 的桌面环境了。</p>
<h3 id="安装-vnc-server">安装 VNC Server</h3>
<p>yum 安装 tigervnc-server</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo dnf <span class="nb">install tigervnc-server tigervnc-server-module
</span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="配置">配置</h2>
<p>VNC Server 支持多种配置，如：</p>
<ul>
<li>单用户单界面配置（一个用户访问，使用一个界面）</li>
<li>多用户单界面配置（多个用户访问，使用同一个界面）</li>
<li>多用户多界面配置（多个用户访问，使用各自的界面）</li>
</ul>
<p>本例比较简单，只介绍单用户单界面配置。</p>
<h3 id="配置单用户单界面">配置单用户单界面</h3>
<p>可以查看一下帮助文档</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">注意</code><br>CentOS 8 安装与 CentOS 7 不同，可以参考这个文档</p>

</blockquote>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> less /usr/share/doc/tigervnc/HOWTO.md
</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>拷贝模板</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>不需要编辑这个模版，根据 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">HOWTO.md</code> 的描述，直接编辑配置文件即可</p>
<p>重新加载 systemd</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo systemctl daemon-reload
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>编辑用户配置文件</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo vi /etc/tigervnc/vncserver.users
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>编辑后看起来是这样的</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">#<span class="w"> TigerVNC User assignment
<span class="gp">#<span class="w">
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> This file assigns <span class="nb">users to specific VNC display numbers.
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> The syntax is <display><span class="o">=<username>. E.g.:
<span class="gp">#<span class="w">
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> :2<span class="o">=andrew
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> :3<span class="o">=lisa
<span class="go">:1=admin
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>说明</p>
<ol>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:1</code> 表示这个启动的端口为。5901，之后一次类推 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:2</code> 为 5902;</li>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:1=admin</code> 表示 5901 为 admin 用户的远程连接;</li>
</ol>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:wq</code> 保存</p>
<p>配置 Xvnc 选项</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo vi /etc/tigervnc/vncserver-config-defaults
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>本例如下</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">#<span class="c"># Default settings for VNC servers started by the vncserver service
<span class="gp">#<span class="w">
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> Any settings given here will override the <span class="nb">builtin defaults, but can
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> also be overriden by ~/.vnc/config and vncserver-config-mandatory.
<span class="gp">#<span class="w">
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> See the following manpages <span class="k">for more details: vncserver<span class="o">(1<span class="o">) Xvnc<span class="o">(1<span class="o">)
<span class="gp">#<span class="w">
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> Several common settings are shown below. Uncomment and modify to your
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> liking.
<span class="go">
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> <span class="nv">securitytypes<span class="o">=vncauth,tlsvnc
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> <span class="nv">desktop<span class="o">=sandbox
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> <span class="nv">geometry<span class="o">=2000x1200
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> localhost
<span class="gp">#<span class="w"> alwaysshared
<span class="go">
session=gnome
geometry=1024x768
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>说明</p>
<ol>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">session=gnome</code> 表示为使用 gnome 桌面</li>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">geometry=1024x768</code> 表示桌面的分辨率</li>
</ol>
<p>这样服务的主要配置就完成了</p>
<h3 id="配置访问密码">配置访问密码</h3>
<p>本例使用 admin 用户的桌面环境，如果使用其他用户，请先切换到 admin 用户</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">#<span class="w"> su admin
<span class="gp">$<span class="w"> vncpasswd
<span class="go">Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n
</span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="开启服务">开启服务</h3>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo systemctl start vncserver@:1
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>这样就开启了第一个界面</p>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">注意</code></p>
<ol>
<li>服务的文件 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service</code>没有 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:1</code></li>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:1</code> 使当参数启动服务器，表示启动第一个界面</li>
</ol>
<p>设置开机启动</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo systemctl <span class="nb">enable vncserver@:1
</span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="打开防火墙">打开防火墙</h3>
<p>我们需要配置防火墙, 打开 VNC 服务</p>
<div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo firewall-cmd <span class="nt">--permanent <span class="nt">--add-service vnc-server
<span class="go">success
<span class="gp">$<span class="w"> <span class="nb">sudo firewall-cmd <span class="nt">--reload
<span class="go">success
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="客户端访问">客户端访问</h3>
<p>下载 VNC Viewer</p>
<p>设置如下：</p>
<p>VNC Server: YOUR_SERVER_IP:1<br>Name: YOUR_Display_1</p>
<p>连接之后，输入 admin 的 vpnpasswd，既可看到界面了。</p>
<h2 id="参考资料">参考资料</h2>
<p>How to Install and Configure VNC Server on Centos 8 / RHEL 8<br>VNC Viewer</p>

</div>
<div>分类: Linux | 评论</div><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/xuanbjut/p/14289178.html

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CentOS 8 配置 VNC Server