为Centos系统打补丁
<p><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">4.1、操作系统打补丁：</span></p><p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">1、centos更新说明：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">centos 官方没有发布关于centos操作系统的补丁。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">centos 操作系统更新可以参考如下建议。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">2、更新操作系统软件包，操作系统版本、内核版本：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">yum update</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">等价于</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">yum upgrade</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">3、根据需求更新软件包：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># 检查可更新的软件包</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">yum check-update</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># 根据可更新软件包列表，安装自己需要的软件包</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">yum install <package_name></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">4、只更新软件包，不更系统版本和系统内核：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">yum --exclude=kernel* --exclude=centos-release* update</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">4.2、使用patch命令给软件包打补丁，适用于名称相同文件的操作：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">1、创建实验环境：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># mkdir -p /tools/ && cd /tools/</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># mkdir demo/ && cd demo/</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># mkdir -p old/a/b/</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># mkdir -p new/a/b/</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># vim old/a/b/foo.txt </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">old_line_1</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">old_line_2</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># vim new/a/b/foo.txt </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">new_line_1</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">new_line_2</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">2、制作补丁：old目录和new目录数据保持一致，把对old目录需要做的操作记录下来：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># diff -Naur old/ new/ > foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">3、查看补丁文件：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># cat foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">diff -Naur old/a/b/foo.txt new/a/b/foo.txt</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">--- old/a/b/foo.txt 2020-08-11 23:03:27.006968726 +0800</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">+++ new/a/b/foo.txt 2020-08-11 23:03:50.258730620 +0800</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">-old_line_1</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">-old_line_2</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">+new_line_1</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">+new_line_2</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">4、应用补丁：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># patch -p0 < foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">patching file old/a/b/foo.txt</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># cat old/a/b/foo.txt</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">new_line_1</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">new_line_2</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">等价于</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># pwd</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">/tools/demo/old</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># patch -p1 < ../foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">等价于</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># pwd</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">/tools/demo/old/a</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># patch -p2 < ../../foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">5、patch 补充：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">（1）参数说明：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">-pn：p为path的缩写，n指将patch文件里的path第n条'/'及其左边部分取消</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">-R：卸载patch包</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">--dry-run：尝试patch软件，并不真正改动软件</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">（2）如果打过补丁再次使用patch命令，系统会问你是否想还原回去：</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">1）patch -p0 < foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">patching file old/a/b/foo.txt</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">Reversed (or previously applied) patch detected! Assume -R? y</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">2）查看一下目标文件，你会发现内容已经还原成旧的了</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># cat old/a/b/foo.txt</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">old_line_1</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">old_line_2</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">3）如果你想严格指定是应用补丁可以使用下面命令(就是增加N参数)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># patch -Np0 < foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt">4）如果你想严格指定是还原补丁可以使用下面命令(就是增加R参数)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; -qt-block-indent: 0"><span style="font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt"># patch -Rp0 < foo.patch</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0; text-indent: 0; font-family: "微软雅黑"; font-size: 14pt; -qt-block-indent: 0; -qt-paragraph-type: empty"><br></p>
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/LiuChang-blog/p/14704205.html
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