Hyper-V 安装 CentOS
<blockquote><p><em><code>Author: ACatSmiling</code></em></p>
<p><em><code>Since: 2024-09-02</code></em></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="centos-安装">CentOS 安装</h2>
<h3 id="iso-镜像下载">ISO 镜像下载</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>官方网站：https://www.centos.org/</p>
</blockquote>
<p>目前，最新版本为 CentOS Stream 9：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235436440-533679494.png" alt="image-20240809232431749" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>本文以 CentOS 7 为例，下载页拉到下面，选择旧版本安装。</p>
<blockquote>
<h2 id="older-versions">Older Versions</h2>
<p>Legacy versions of CentOS are no longer supported. For historical purposes, CentOS keeps an archive of older versions. If you’re absolutely sure you need an older version then click here.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>进入旧版本下载页面：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235436135-237088600.png" alt="image-20240810192403243" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>进入镜像下载地址：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235435580-189568098.png" alt="image-20240810192934661" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>进入镜像列表，选择中国区的镜像：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235434855-333123301.png" alt="image-20240810193044573" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>此处，选择 Tencent 的镜像，然后选择 CentOS 7.9 版本：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235434532-1009229106.png" alt="image-20240810231332578" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235434186-1344236151.png" alt="image-20240810231404187" loading="lazy"></p>
<h3 id="hyper-v-虚拟机安装">Hyper-V 虚拟机安装</h3>
<p>打开控制面板，找到程序<code>启用或关闭 Windows 功能</code>，开启 Hyper-V：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235433898-1256570059.png" alt="image-20240902213506399" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>win + R 快捷键，输入<code>virtmgmt.msc</code>，打开 Hyper-V 管理器，新建虚拟机：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235433588-568456428.png" alt="image-20240810232300618" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235433273-531155204.png" alt="image-20240810232628638" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235432942-1883301614.png" alt="image-20240810232655989" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235432642-2083828793.png" alt="image-20240810232712363" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235432301-425925797.png" alt="image-20240810232808392" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235431984-1291614624.png" alt="image-20240810232854591" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>在启动新建的虚拟机之前，进行额外设置：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235431578-401358135.png" alt="image-20240810233111225" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235431239-844655483.png" alt="image-20240810233140916" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235430854-1045053923.png" alt="image-20240810233236380" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235430505-2142573771.png" alt="image-20240810233334324" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>虚拟交换机 LAN1：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235430155-1716607161.png" alt="image-20240810233544839" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235429842-533151995.png" alt="image-20240810233601103" loading="lazy"></p>
</blockquote>
<p>现在，启动虚拟机，并连接虚拟机，然后进行 CentOS 7.9 的安装：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235429485-251371452.png" alt="image-20240810233702440" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235429167-1600767434.png" alt="image-20240810233805639" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>安装选项首页面：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235428770-1871735155.png" alt="image-20240811093656974" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>日期和时间设置：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235428407-543478523.png" alt="image-20240811002148179" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>软件选择设置：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235427992-611712051.png" alt="image-20240811002246815" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>安装位置设置：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235427640-1985531705.png" alt="image-20240811151656610" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235427277-147638354.png" alt="image-20240811152413706" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235426930-547018808.png" alt="image-20240811152836151" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235426544-546942148.png" alt="image-20240811153221227" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>如果按上述配置完成后，提示如下 Configuration Error，则将引导分区的挂载点修改为：/boot/efi。</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235426229-1522424456.png" alt="image-20240811154512798" loading="lazy"></p>
</blockquote>
<p>KDUMP 设置：（Kdump 是一个内核崩溃转储机制。在系统崩溃的时候，kdump 将捕获系统信息，这对于诊断崩溃的原因非常有用。注意，kdump 需要预留一部分系统内存，且这部分内存对于其他用户是不可用的）</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235425837-1534221601.png" alt="image-20240811154935352" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>网络和主机名设置：（网络和主机名，在虚拟机安装完成后，也可以通过命令行设置）</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235425498-652013531.png" alt="image-20240811155349951" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>配置完成后，点击开始安装：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235425031-215434176.png" alt="image-20240811155720123" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>等待安装完成，然后重启虚拟机。</p>
<h2 id="centos-初始化">CentOS 初始化</h2>
<h3 id="设置静态-ip">设置静态 IP</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 1. 设置静态 IP，修改网卡 eth0 的配置
$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
# 将动态 IP 修改为静态 IP
#BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="eth0"
UUID="a784cd9a-e2fc-4593-839b-9bffa52d6898"
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
# 添加静态 IP 地址
IPADDR=192.168.1.30
# 添加网关
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
# 添加域名解析器
DNS1=192.168.1.1
# 2. 重启网络服务
$ service network restart
# 3. 重新查看虚拟机地址
$ ip a
</code></pre>
<h3 id="设置主机名">设置主机名</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 查看主机名
$ hostname
# 修改主机名，需要重启虚拟机
$ vi /etc/hostname
# 修改主机名，立即生效
$ hostnamectl set-hostname test
$ hostname
</code></pre>
<h3 id="添加本地主机域名解析">添加本地主机域名解析</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">$ vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
# 新增本地主机域名解析
192.168.1.20 zeloud
</code></pre>
<h3 id="yum-源配置">yum 源配置</h3>
<p>到镜像地址下载源文件，再手动上传到服务器：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3488201/202409/3488201-20240928235424438-2059639298.png" alt="image-20240817152143079" loading="lazy"></p>
<ul>
<li>阿里云镜像：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/CentOS-7.repo</li>
<li>网易 163 镜像：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo</li>
</ul>
<p>使用 root 用户执行以下操作：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 1. 进入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录
$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# 2. 备份默认的 CentOS-Base.repo
$ cp CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
# 3. 使用镜像的 repo 文件替换默认的 repo 文件
$ mv /home/zeloud/Centos-7.repo .
$ mv Centos-7.repo CentOS-Base.repo
# 4. 清理旧的缓存数据
$ yum clean all
# 5. 缓存新数据
$ yum makecache
# 6. 测试
$ yum list wget
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>注意修改镜像源文件的用户和用户组信息：<code>chown root:root Centos-7.repo</code>。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="安装常用工具">安装常用工具</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">$ yum install -y vim-enhanced
$ yum install -y zip unzip
$ yum install -y wget
$ yum install -y netstat
$ yum install -y lsof
</code></pre>
<h2 id="原文链接">原文链接</h2>
<p>https://github.com/ACatSmiling/zero-to-zero/blob/main/OperatingSystem/linux.md</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/acatsmiling/p/18395612
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