vmware虚拟机安装Ubuntu全过程

知世故不世故 發表於 2020-12-29 17:48:00

虚拟机软件：vmware workstation
ubantu系统镜像：官网 https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
提前在d盘创建一个安装目录D:\linux\Ubuntu_pc_1
 
1、打开vmware虚拟机，点击创建新的虚拟机
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229161957267-1127850961.png">
 
 
2、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162039797-370890502.png">
 
 
3、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162113360-266448340.png">
 
 
4、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162144302-1106324199.png">
 
 
5、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162218961-1294424435.png">
 
 
6、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162430518-552709724.png">
 
 
7、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162509454-287604581.png">
 
 
8、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162540734-691808641.png">
 
 
9、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162615698-845114651.png">
 
 
10、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162645726-1372420896.png">
 
 
11、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162718803-1432342774.png">
 
 
12、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162750731-954175510.png">
 
 
13、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162830462-787771323.png">
 
 
14、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162858114-1626759240.png">
 
 
15、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229162925221-882059007.png">
 
 
16、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229163010398-811765936.png">
 
 
17、注意勾选启动时连接，否则无法启动
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229175211213-1373475895.png">
 
 
 
18、把这三项移除
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229163513056-585643312.png">
 
 
19、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229163548336-1555564880.png">
 
 
20、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229163608517-1230574462.png">
 
 
21、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229163637596-549602988.png">
 
 
22、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229164959954-337515829.png">
 
 
23、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229165034466-1547015056.png">
 
 
24、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229165115118-183332529.png">
 
 
25、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229165356190-785496397.png">
 
 
26、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229165436651-1887944544.png">
 
 
27、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229165522252-1463443610.png">
 
 
28、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229165719860-1927256018.png">
 
 
29、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229170640820-704952809.png">
 
 
30、此时出现如下界面
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229170728320-1992661089.png">
 
 
31、右击虚拟机名称，弹出菜单后选择设置
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229170824549-1152393007.png">
 
 
32、把启动时连接前的钩去掉，然后点击确定
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229171345573-421184655.png">
 
 
33、然后点击此处，选择重新启动客户机
 
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229171440870-474799111.png">
 
 
 34、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229171558777-652599891.png">
 
 
35、输入安装时设置的密码，回车
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229171623666-1658147712.png">
 
 
36、一路x掉
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229171757212-1340371196.png">
 
 
37、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229171856354-502356629.png">
 
 
38、右击桌面，选择open in terminal 
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229172036349-1772640950.png">
 
 
39、创建root密码
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>xiaoxiami@ubantupc1:~/Desktop$ sudo passwd root
password for xiaoxiami:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully</pre>
</div>
 
40、切换至root用户
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>iaoxiami@ubantupc1:~/Desktop$ su - root
Password:
root@ubantupc1:~# </pre>
</div>
 
41、测试网络
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>oot@ubantupc1:~# ifconfig | head -n 5

Command 'ifconfig' not found, but can be installed with:

apt install net-tools</pre>
</div>
 
42、右击虚拟机名称，选择设置
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229173646154-1262433836.png">
 
 
43、
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229173809226-868251827.png">
 
 
44、
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>root@ubantupc1:~# apt install net-tools
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
net-tools
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 196 kB of archives.
After this operation, 864 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 net-tools amd64 1.60+git20180626.aebd88e-1ubuntu1 
Fetched 196 kB in 6s (32.7 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package net-tools.
(Reading database ... 180241 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../net-tools_1.60+git20180626.aebd88e-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking net-tools (1.60+git20180626.aebd88e-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up net-tools (1.60+git20180626.aebd88e-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
root@ubantupc1:~# ifconfig | head -n 5
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.3.29netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.3.255
 inet6 fe80::f90:5d3b:be01:83d9prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20<link>
 ether 00:0c:29:43:a9:73txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
 RX packets 247625bytes 334599463 (334.5 MB)</pre>
</div>
 
45、测试网络
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>root@ubantupc1:~# ping www.baidu.com## 测试外网
PING www.a.shifen.com (39.156.66.18) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18 (39.156.66.18): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=13.3 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18 (39.156.66.18): icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=13.4 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18 (39.156.66.18): icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=13.1 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18 (39.156.66.18): icmp_seq=4 ttl=51 time=13.4 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 6021ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 13.116/13.296/13.409/0.110 ms</pre>
</div>
 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>root@ubantupc1:~# ping 192.168.3.4## 测试本地物理机
PING 192.168.3.4 (192.168.3.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.179 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.189 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.177 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.164 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=0.187 ms
^C
--- 192.168.3.4 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4103ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.164/0.179/0.189/0.008 ms</pre>
</div>
 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>C:\Users\75377>ping 192.168.3.29 ## 物理机ping 虚拟机

正在 Ping 192.168.3.29 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.3.29 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.3.29 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.3.29 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.3.29 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64

192.168.3.29 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 0ms，最长 = 0ms，平均 = 0ms</pre>
</div>
 
46、安装ssh服务
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>root@ubantupc1:~# apt-get install openssh-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
ncurses-term openssh-sftp-server ssh-import-id
Suggested packages:
molly-guard monkeysphere ssh-askpass
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ncurses-term openssh-server openssh-sftp-server ssh-import-id
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 688 kB of archives.
After this operation, 6,010 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 ncurses-term all 6.2-0ubuntu2 
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 openssh-sftp-server amd64 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1 
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 openssh-server amd64 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1 
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 ssh-import-id all 5.10-0ubuntu1 
Fetched 688 kB in 14s (48.4 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package ncurses-term.
(Reading database ... 180290 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../ncurses-term_6.2-0ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking ncurses-term (6.2-0ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openssh-sftp-server.
Preparing to unpack .../openssh-sftp-server_1%3a8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking openssh-sftp-server (1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openssh-server.
Preparing to unpack .../openssh-server_1%3a8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking openssh-server (1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ssh-import-id.
Preparing to unpack .../ssh-import-id_5.10-0ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking ssh-import-id (5.10-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up openssh-sftp-server (1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up openssh-server (1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.1) ...

Creating config file /etc/ssh/sshd_config with new version
Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ...
3072 SHA256:5csmtxdqgRivQ2lVtl9dIIFhAoTde/ahVtbflkrTqbM root@ubantupc1 (RSA)
Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time ...
256 SHA256:QSvBl91xiQwryrFI2iFwxyPn4hCy5p+2s6qJYSFEpS0 root@ubantupc1 (ECDSA)
Creating SSH2 ED25519 key; this may take some time ...
256 SHA256:9EhHVJd2x/ZKcZn637cOABoHe2net5PX8LRApkPDiOQ root@ubantupc1 (ED25519)
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service → /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service → /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service.
rescue-ssh.target is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
Setting up ssh-import-id (5.10-0ubuntu1) ...
Attempting to convert /etc/ssh/ssh_import_id
Setting up ncurses-term (6.2-0ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for ufw (0.36-6) ...</pre>
</div>
 
47、ssh登录测试
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229174554087-1441655085.png">
 
 <img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229174610571-1217943061.png">
 
 <img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229174744839-587037466.png">
 
 完成。
 <img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1447599/202012/1447599-20201229200124872-1771604294.png">
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/liujiaxin2018/p/14207930.html

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vmware虚拟机安装Ubuntu全过程