vmware中安装 ubuntu 22.04 live-server
<h1 id="1ubuntu-2204-下载地址">1、ubuntu 22.04 下载地址</h1><blockquote>
<p>2023年06月18日更新此篇文档</p>
</blockquote>
<p>https://cn.ubuntu.com/download/server/thank-you?version=20.04.4&architecture=amd64 （官方）</p>
<p>https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/22.04/(清华源 镜像)</p>
<p>http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/22.04/（阿里源 镜像）</p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：是下载 live-server 的镜像；</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521221430510-7633971.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<h1 id="2加载iso文件到-vmware-中">2、加载ISO文件到 VMWare 中</h1>
<p>使用 WORKSTATION 16 PRO 工具</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521210617159-1777877220.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521210720559-932299158.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521210839421-144441631.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意这里：一定先选择 <strong>稍后安装操作系统</strong> 这个选项（在新版vmware中，如果这里就选择镜像文件，下面的步骤就会进行不一样的操作了）</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202210/626637-20221018012657836-1538295607.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>下一步，</p>
<p>可选的修改你要安装系统保存的目录</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521210933784-866860486.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>为了更好的体验，这里选择2颗cpu，每颗2核，一共4核，你也可以设置1个4核的，即：最低 4核~</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521211104480-1844379750.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>内存最好是 4G 的，即：4096G</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202210/626637-20221018013306758-976160636.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>下图网络配置，提醒：nat模式需要手动配置，比较麻烦，但是最好用nat模式，新手的话，桥接模式 反而是最容易懂的，网桥你可以想成把要安装的这ubuntu系统当成个手机，自动从你的路由器获取ip，后进行上网，当然，原理没那么简单~先这么理解</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521211158186-964208734.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521211217992-278720050.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521211233994-1735594323.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521211253363-1732988620.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202307/626637-20230719161838824-437884813.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521211445814-1707010348.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521211905550-380217613.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202210/626637-20221018014244775-450843140.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<h1 id="3开机启动并设置安装ubuntu">3、开机启动并设置安装ubuntu</h1>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521212319469-1608685067.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>语言选择</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521212622690-1245987864.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>镜像是否需要更新后才继续安装</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521213157702-522005985.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>设置键盘</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521213420155-567097264.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>选择安装类型</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521213712725-1968158866.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>设置网络</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521214117264-557735025.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>当然，你也可以手动设置ip地址：<br>
<img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202307/626637-20230719162800532-585158431.gif" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>设置完网络后，这里就直接断开网络（你也可以不断开，在安装系统时，会下载更新，这一步比较慢,,,）<br>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202210/626637-20221018015357520-492543568.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
</blockquote>
<p>设置系统代理</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521214229890-540013321.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>设置包的源地址</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521214538066-951457007.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>你也可以不在这里设置，在安装完系统后进入系统里面修改也行：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/</p>
</blockquote>
<p>硬盘分区</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521215008874-1884812019.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>按上图的选择即可；</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521215458940-1294445375.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>上图是第一种方式，将剩余未分配空间分配完，下图是第二种方式，将分区格式ext改为xfs，同时降低/boot的占用大小（降为1G）<br>
<img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202307/626637-20230719155640238-430220472.gif" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
</blockquote>
<p>格式化提示</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521215613687-1145650874.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>补充内容</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202307/626637-20230719163055381-911624255.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：username 用户名不能再为 root 了；</p>
</blockquote>
<p>安装 SSH Server</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521220121326-644427941.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>安装第三方软件包</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521221017660-1142003418.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>然后就是等待 ubuntu 的安装了；</p>
<blockquote>
<p>如果你之前断网了，那么这里装得是很快的，断网的缺点就是一些补丁没装上去，需要自己去更新，，，但是没事，手动更新系统的命令也很简单，而且我们只是学习用，也没必要那么较真，只要下载系统的时候选最新的下，一般没啥大毛病~</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521221153940-394910016.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>系统安装完成后，<strong>请先恢复网络</strong>，再选择重启电脑</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202210/626637-20221018020234597-1571459722.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>重启过程中，<strong>如果</strong> 你出现这个等待错误，请回车继续<br>
<img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202210/626637-20221018020415759-1099730866.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>出现这问题的原因是：没有卸载 cdrom挂载的ubuntu镜像文件，后面有空时你需要卸载它：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521223502823-1349776370.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<h1 id="4配置系统">4、配置系统</h1>
<h2 id="41-修改密码">4.1 修改密码</h2>
<p>第一次登录时，只能用设置的 username 登录：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202307/626637-20230719163609759-2033499222.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>设置root的账户的密码：</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202307/626637-20230719163930205-1933885775.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>root用户下修改其他用户密码</p>
<p><img src="https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202307/626637-20230719164053626-1299709285.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<h2 id="42-允许远程连接root用户">4.2 允许远程连接root用户</h2>
<p>默认情况下，使用远程连接工具无法以 root 用户登录的，需要设置一下配置文件</p>
<blockquote>
<p>如果下面命令提示vim命令未知，则需要先安装vim：<code>apt install vim -y</code></p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="language-shell">vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
</code></pre>
<p>按 字母 a 或 字母 i 进入插入模式，即可开始输入<br>
添加行: <code>PermitRootLogin yes</code><br>
重启 ssh 服务: <code>service ssh restart</code>或者 <code>systemctl restart ssh</code></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521224554766-74587855.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>ESC => :wq 保存并退出</p>
<h2 id="43-查看修改ip">4.3 查看、修改IP</h2>
<p>先安装 <code>apt install net-tools</code></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521225128721-1415559910.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>查看 <code>ifconfig -a</code>或者 <code>ip a</code></p>
<p><img src="https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/626637/202205/626637-20220521225216599-1321397345.png" alt="image" loading="lazy"></p>
<p>修改为静态ip</p>
<blockquote>
<p>ubuntu从17.10之前<br>
vi /etc/network/interfaces</p>
<p>ubuntu从17.10开始： 改成netplan方式<br>
弃用 /etc/network/interfaces 里固定IP的配置<br>
采用 /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 或者 类似名称的yaml文件里</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>sudo vi /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yam</code></p>
<p>改为：</p>
<pre><code>network:
ethernets:
ens33: #配置的网卡的名称
addresses: #配置的静态ip地址和掩码
dhcp4: no #关闭DHCP，如果需要打开DHCP则写yes
optional: true
#gateway4: 192.168.2.102 #网关地址，这个 gateway4 在 ubuntu 22.04 中已经废弃了，换成了 routes
routes:
- to: default
via: 192.168.2.1
nameservers:
addresses: #DNS服务器地址，多个DNS服务器地址需要用英文逗号分隔开
version: 2
renderer: networkd #指定后端采用systemd-networkd或者Network Manager，可不填写则默认使用systemd-workd
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>gateway4 废弃改成 routes 的引用 :https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/681220/netplan-generate-gateway4-has-been-deprecated-use-default-routes-instead</p>
</blockquote>
<p>生效：<code>sudo netplan apply</code></p>
<p>至此，ubantu 22.04 的安装配置暂时到这，结束~</p>
<p>清华源 软件仓库：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/abc1069/p/16296050.html
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