CentOS 7 用yum安装 MySQL
<p>首先CentOS7 已经不支持mysql，因为收费了你懂得，所以内部集成了mariadb，而安装mysql的话会和mariadb的文件冲突，所以需要先卸载掉mariadb，以下为卸载mariadb，安装mysql的步骤。</p><p><strong>1.列出所有被安装的rpm package</strong></p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ rpm -qa | grep mariadb
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<p><strong> 2.卸载</strong></p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.37-1.el7_0.x86_64// 注意“版本号”根据当前系统显示的版本信息的为准
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<p> 卸载过程中如有以下提示，则可以通过强制卸载</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">错误：依赖检测失败：
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) 被 (已安裝) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 需要
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) 被 (已安裝) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 需要
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<p> 强制卸载:</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.37-1.el7_0.x86_64 // 只是多了一个--nodeps 参数，注意“版本号”根据当前系统显示的版本信息的为准
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<p><strong> 3.安装依赖项</strong></p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ yum install vim libaio net-tools
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<p> 其他情况:</p>
<p> 1.centos下yum暂时没有mysql-server直接安装包；</p>
<p> MariaDB是MySQL社区开发的分支，也是一个增强型的替代品;</p>
<p><strong> </strong>2.安装MariaDB</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb mariadb-devel
$ systemctl start mariadb
$ systemctl enable mariadb
$ mysql_secure_installation
$ firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service mysql
$ systemctl restart firewalld.service
$ iptables -L -n|grep 3306
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<p><strong> 4.安装 mysql的repo源</strong></p>
<p> 4.1 下载mysql的repo源</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
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<p> <strong> </strong> 4.2 安装mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm包</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm<br>// 安装这个包后，会获得两个mysql的yum repo源：/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo，/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo。
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<p> 4.3 安装 mysql</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ sudo yum install mysql-server
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<p> 根据步骤安装就可以了，不过安装完成后，没有密码，需要重置密码。</p>
<p> 4.4 重置密码</p>
<p> 重置密码前，首先要登录</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ mysql -u root
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<p><strong> </strong> 4.5 mysql 登录报错处理</p>
<p> 登录时有可能报这样的错：</p>
<p> ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)，</p>
<p> 原因是/var/lib/mysql的访问权限问题。下面的命令把/var/lib/mysql的拥有者改为当前用户：</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ sudo chown -R openscanner:openscanner /var/lib/mysql // openscanner:openscanner 为当前登录CentOS的用户名，例如: root:root
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<p> 然后，重启服务：</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ service mysqld restart
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<p> 接下来登录重置密码：</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ mysql -u root
mysql > use mysql;
mysql > update user set password=password(‘123456‘) where user=‘root‘;
mysql > exit;
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<p><strong> 5.开放防火墙 3306端口</strong></p>
<p> 5.1 查看防火墙状态</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ systemctl status firewalld
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<p> 5.2 开启防火墙 服务</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ systemctl start firewalld
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<p> 5.3 开放指定端口</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">// --permanent 永久生效,没有此参数重启后失效
$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
或者
$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3300-3399/tcp --permanent
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<p> 5.4 重新载入</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ firewall-cmd --reload
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<p> 5.5 查看状态</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp
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<p> 5.6 删除某个开放的端口</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=80/tcp --permanent
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<p><strong> 5.7 iptables 防火墙</strong></p>
<p> 也可以还原传统的管理方式使用 iptables</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ systemctl stop firewalld
$ systemctl mask firewalld
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<p> 5.7.1 安装 iptables-services</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ yum install iptables-services
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<p> 5.7.2 设置开机启动</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ systemctl enable iptables
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<p> 5.7.3 操作命令</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ systemctl stop iptables
$ systemctl start iptables
$ systemctl restart iptables
$ systemctl reload iptables
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<p> 5.7.4 保存设置</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">$ service iptables save
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<p> 5.7.5 放某个端口 在 /etc/sysconfig/iptables 里添加</p>
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<pre class="brush:csharp;gutter:true;">-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/qiushuiwanyue/p/14054034.html
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