CentOS安装mysql5.7

独孤朕 發表於 2020-7-15 23:12:00

一、环境介绍
系统版本：CentOS 7.6
数据库版本：mysql-5.7.24
二、环境准备
使用root用户
1、检查是否已经安装过mysql，执行命令
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> rpm -qa | grep mysql</pre>
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<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1486162/202007/1486162-20200715144110613-1832564184.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
从执行结果，可以看出我们已经安装了mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64，执行删除命令
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 </pre>
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再次执行查询命令，查看是否删除
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>rpm -qa | grep mysql</pre>
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2、查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>whereis mysql</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>find / -name mysql</pre>
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<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1486162/202007/1486162-20200715145309169-1945223489.png" alt="" width="415" height="173" loading="lazy">
删除相关目录或文件
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql</pre>
</div>
验证是否删除完毕
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>whereis mysql</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>find / -name mysql</pre>
</div>
3、检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在，如果没有，则创建（此处使用mysql，也可使用其他任意用户名）
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cat /etc/group | grep mysql</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>groupadd mysql</pre>
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<pre>useradd -r -g mysql mysql</pre>
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4、从官网下载是用于Linux的Mysql安装包
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz</pre>
</div>
三、安装mysql
1、在执行wget命令的目录下或你的上传目录下找到Mysql安装包：mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
执行解压命令：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>tar -zxvf ./mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz</pre>
</div>
解压完成后，可以看到当前目录下多了一个解压文件，移动该文件到/usr/local/下，并将文件夹名称修改为mysql
执行命令如下：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cd /usr/local/</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql</pre>
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如果/usr/local/下不存在mysql文件夹，直接执行如下命令，也可达到上述效果
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql</pre>
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2、在/usr/local/mysql目录下创建data目录
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<pre>mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data</pre>
</div>
3、更改mysql目录下所有的目录及文件夹所属的用户组和用户，以及权限
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql #此处的mysql为我们上面创建的用户</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql</pre>
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4、编译安装并初始化mysql，务必记住初始化输出日志末尾的密码（数据库管理员临时密码）
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cd /usr/local/mysql/bin</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql</pre>
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<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1486162/202007/1486162-20200715175735397-1899496499.png" alt="" loading="lazy">
5、编辑配置文件my.cnf
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>vim /etc/my.cnf</pre>
</div>
添加配置如下(注意：此处的user=mysql为我们上面创建的用户或者root)
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>

#character
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
symbolic-links=0
max_connections=600
innodb_file_per_table=1
lower_case_table_names=1

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user=mysql
tmpdir=/tmp

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d</pre>
</div>
 
6、测试启动mysql服务器(使用my.cnf中配置的user)
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>su mysql /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start</pre>
</div>
启动mysql可能会报如下错误：
Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid).
解决方法：编辑/etc/init.d/mysql，找到start模块，添加--user=root到mysqld_safe 即可
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>vim /etc/init.d/mysql或者是vim /etc/init.d/mysqld</pre>
</div>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1486162/202007/1486162-20200715224627333-1171051413.png" alt="" width="740" height="183" loading="lazy">
7、添加软连接，并重启mysql服务(使用root用户)
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>service mysql restart</pre>
</div>
8、登录mysql，修改密码(密码为步骤4生成的临时密码)
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> mysql -u root -p</pre>
</div>
输入步骤4生成的临时密码
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1486162/202007/1486162-20200715225635383-298360367.png" alt="" width="531" height="242" loading="lazy">
设置密码 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> set password for root@localhost = password('root');</pre>
</div>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1486162/202007/1486162-20200715230332064-1491547998.png" alt="" width="471" height="44" loading="lazy">
9、开放远程连接
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>use mysql;</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';</pre>
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<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>flush privileges;</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>quit</pre>
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<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1486162/202007/1486162-20200715230448644-877673699.png" alt="" width="489" height="210" loading="lazy">
10、设置开机自动启动
将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld</pre>
</div>
赋予可执行权限
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld</pre>
</div>
添加服务
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>chkconfig --add mysqld</pre>
</div>
显示服务列表
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>chkconfig --list</pre>
</div>
 
至此，CentOS安装mysql5.7完成
注：
查看mysql启动状态：service mysql status或者/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server status
启动mysql：service mysql start或者/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
停止mysql：service mysql stop或者/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
参考文章：
1、Linux下安装mysql-5.7.24
2、MySql错误：Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file（服务器学习十一） 
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/wintercloud/p/13307231.html

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CentOS安装mysql5.7