Centos 7 kubernetes集群搭建

华老哥 發表於 2019-7-24 15:38:00

<h1>一、环境准备</h1>
　　Kubernetes支持在物理服务器或虚拟机中运行，本次使用虚拟机准备测试环境，硬件配置信息如表所示：
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="margin-left: 21.6pt; border-style: none; height: 239px; width: 607px" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 72pt; border-width: 1pt; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="120">
IP<span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">地址
</td>
<td style="width: 63.95pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="107">
<span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">节点角色
</td>
<td style="width: 62.3pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="104">
CPU
</td>
<td style="width: 65.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="109">
Memory
</td>
<td style="width: 66.5pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="111">
Hostname
</td>
<td style="width: 63.2pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="105">
<span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">磁盘
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 72pt; border-width: initial 1pt 1pt; border-color: initial rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-top-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="120">
192.168.56.10
</td>
<td style="width: 63.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="107">
master
</td>
<td style="width: 62.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="104">
>=2c
</td>
<td style="width: 65.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="109">
>=2G
</td>
<td style="width: 66.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="111">
master
</td>
<td style="width: 63.2pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="105">
sda<span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、sdb
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 72pt; border-width: initial 1pt 1pt; border-color: initial rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-top-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="120">
192.168.56.11
</td>
<td style="width: 63.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="107">
worker
</td>
<td style="width: 62.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="104">
>=2c
</td>
<td style="width: 65.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="109">
>=2G
</td>
<td style="width: 66.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="111">
node1
</td>
<td style="width: 63.2pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="105">
sda<span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、sdb
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 72pt; border-width: initial 1pt 1pt; border-color: initial rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-top-style: none; padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="120">
192.168.56.12
</td>
<td style="width: 63.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="107">
worker
</td>
<td style="width: 62.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="104">
>=2c
</td>
<td style="width: 65.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="109">
>=2G
</td>
<td style="width: 66.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="111">
node1
</td>
<td style="width: 63.2pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding: 0 5.4pt" valign="top" width="105">
sda<span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、sdb
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
注：在所有节点上进行如下操作
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.6pt; text-indent: 0; mso-char-indent-count: 0">1、设置主机名hostname，管理节点设置主机名为master</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> # hostnamectl set-hostname master</pre>
</div>
 
设置其他节点主机名称时，可将master替换为正确的主机名node1,node2,node3即可。
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">2、编辑/etc/hosts文件，添加域名分析</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cat <<EOF >>/etc/hosts
192.168.56.10 master
192.168.56.11 node1
192.168.56.12 node2
EOF </pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">3.关闭防火墙、selinux和swap。</h2>
依次执行以下操作 
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# setenforce 0
# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g"/etc/selinux/config
# swapoff -a
# sed -i's /.* swap.*/#&/'/etc/fstab</pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">4.配置内核参数，将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cat >/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables =1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables =1
EOF</pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># sysctl --system </pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190723163312339-489491368.png" alt="">
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">5、配置国内yum源</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum install -y wget
# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak && mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-7.repo
# yum clean all && yum makecache </pre>
</div>
　　配置国内Kubernetes源
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>cat <<EOF >/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF</pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"> 配置 docker 源</pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo </pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<pre class="prettyprint"> 二、软件安装</pre>
注：在所有节点上进行如下操作
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">1、安装docker</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum install -y docker-ce
# systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
# docker --version </pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190723170559639-1401771781.png" alt="">
docker服务为容器运行提供计算资源，是所有容器运行的基本平台。
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">2、安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl </h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
# systemctl enable kubelet </pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<pre class="prettyprint"> Kubelet负责与其他节点集群通信，并进行本节点Pod和容器生命周期的管理。<span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: left top; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition-duration: 0.25s; transition-property: all; text-indent: 0">Kubeadm是Kubernetes的自动化部署工具，降低了部署难度，提高效率。Kubectl是Kubernetes集群管理工具，此处注意Kubectl的版本信息，后面会用到！</pre>
<h1 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 9px; text-indent: -18pt">  三、部署master节点</h1>
注：在master节点上进行如下操作
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">1、在master进行Kubernetes集群初始化。</h2>
　　根据前一步安装信息，安装相应版本的kubernetes（此处为 1.15.1） 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.15.1 \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.10 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--service-cidr=192.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.244.0.0/16</pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<pre class="prettyprint">定义POD的网段为: 192.244.0.0/16， api server地址就是master本机IP地址。</pre>
      这一步很关键，由于kubeadm 默认从官网k8s.grc.io下载所需镜像，国内无法访问，因此需要通过–image-repository指定阿里云镜像仓库地址，很多人初次部署都卡在此环节无法进行后续配置。（此处需要下载镜像，会耗费时间）
集群初始化成功后返回如下信息：
 <img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190724150954414-906104893.png" alt="">
记录生成的最后部分内容，此内容需要在其它节点加入Kubernetes集群时执行。
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>kubeadm join 192.168.56.10:6443 --token k1er5o.grhehxo4yw34rd4a \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ccf93f9e2736e6ca696449758991873a16402c2355482c813239d7c7054d61ff</pre>
</div>
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">2.配置kubectl工具</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># mkdir -p /root/.kube
# cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config
# kubectl get nodes
# kubectl get cs </pre>
</div>
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.6pt; text-indent: -18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">3.部署flannel网络 </h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/a70459be0084506e4ec919aa1c114638878db11b/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml</pre>
</div>
四、部署node节点
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 注：在所有node节点上进行如下操作
执行如下命令，使所有node节点加入Kubernetes集群
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>kubeadm join 192.168.56.10:6443 --token k1er5o.grhehxo4yw34rd4a \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ccf93f9e2736e6ca696449758991873a16402c2355482c813239d7c7054d61ff</pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"></pre>
<pre class="prettyprint">此命令为集群初始化时（kubeadm init）返回结果中的内容。</pre>
<h1 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 9px; text-indent: -18pt">  五、集群状态监测</h1>
  注：在master节点上进行如下操作
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 1); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 15px">1.在master节点输入命令检查集群状态，返回如下结果则集群状态正常。</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># kubectl get nodes </pre>
</div>
 
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 重点查看STATUS内容为Ready时，则说明集群状态正常。
 <img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190724151306996-1196753220.png" alt="">
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 9px; text-indent: -18pt">  2.创建Pod以验证集群是否正常。</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80--type=NodePort
# kubectl get pod,svc</pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 六、部署Dashboard</pre>
  注：在master节点上进行如下操作
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 1); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 15px">1.创建Dashboard的yaml文件</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/loveone/g' kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# sed -i '/targetPort:/a\ \ \ \ \ \ nodePort: 30001\n\ \ type: NodePort' kubernetes-dashboard.yaml</pre>
</div>
   2.部署Dashboard 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml</pre>
</div>
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 9px; text-indent: -18pt">   <img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190724152243590-1670402083.png" alt=""></h2>
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 9px; text-indent: -18pt">   3.创建完成后，检查相关服务运行状态</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
# kubectl get services -n kube-system
# netstat -ntlp|grep 30001 </pre>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint"> 4.在Firefox浏览器输入Dashboard访问地址：https://192.168.56.10:30001</pre>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 1); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 15px">5.查看访问Dashboard的认证令牌</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># kubectl create serviceaccountdashboard-admin-n kube-system
# kubectl create clusterrolebindingdashboard-admin--clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
# kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}') </pre>
</div>
   <img style="color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 1); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei"; font-size: 15px" src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190724152633589-704123160.png" alt="">
<h2 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 9px; text-indent: -18pt">  6.使用输出的token登录Dashboard。</h2>
 <img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190724153632205-1968573059.png" alt="">
 认证通过后，登录Dashboard首页如图
<img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1323857/201907/1323857-20190724153649685-935080745.png" alt="">
 
 至此kubernetes集群搭建完成。  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/guoxiangyue/p/11233412.html

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Centos 7 kubernetes集群搭建