CentOS 安装 Python3
<h3>安装步骤</h3><p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">一、检查是否有 GCC</span></strong></p>
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<pre>gcc --version <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 查看gcc版本</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">
#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 若没有输出，执行安装命令</span>
yum-y install gcc</pre>
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<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">二、安装依赖</span></strong></p>
<p> 如果不安装依赖，在安装 Python 的时候会报错</p>
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<pre>yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel</pre>
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<pre>yum -y groupinstall <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">Development tools</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
yum </span>-y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">devel
yum install </span>-y libffi-devel zlib1g-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">dev
yum install zlib</span>* -y</pre>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">三、下载python</span></strong></p>
<p> 根据需要下载相关版本的 Python 包，并解压</p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">wget https:<span class="hljs-regexp">//www.python.org<span class="hljs-regexp">/ftp/python<span class="hljs-regexp">/3.7.2/Python-<span class="hljs-number">3.7.<span class="hljs-number">2.tar.xz</span></span></span></span></span>
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">tar <span class="hljs-selector-tag">-xvJf <span class="hljs-selector-tag">Python-3<span class="hljs-selector-class">.7<span class="hljs-selector-class">.2<span class="hljs-selector-class">.tar<span class="hljs-selector-class">.xz</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br></span></pre>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">四、创建目录并安装 Python </span></strong></p>
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<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 指定安装的路径,不指定的话,安装过程中可能软件所需要的文件复制到其他不同目录,删除软件很不方便,复制软件也不方便</span>
mkdir /usr/local/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">python3
cd Python</span>-3.7.2
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 配置，可以提高python10%-20%代码运行速度.</span>
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">ssl
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 编译安装会一起安装 pip、ssl等</span>
make && make install</pre>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">五、创建软连接</span></strong></p>
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<pre>ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">python3
ln </span>-s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3</pre>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">大功告成</span></strong></p>
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<pre>python3 -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">V
pip3 </span>-V</pre>
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<p> </p>
<h3>相关报错及解决</h3>
<p><strong><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">安装 Python 时报错</span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>报错——zipimport.ZipImportError: can<span class="hljs-symbol">'t decompress data; zlib <span class="hljs-keyword">not available Makefile:<span class="hljs-number">1099: recipe <span class="hljs-keyword">for target <span class="hljs-symbol">'install' failed make: *** <span class="hljs-literal">Error <span class="hljs-number">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<ul>
<li><span class="hljs-symbol"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-symbol"><span class="hljs-literal"><span class="hljs-number">原因：缺少依赖</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="hljs-symbol"><span class="hljs-symbol"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-symbol"><span class="hljs-literal"><span class="hljs-number">解决：</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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<pre>yum -y install zlib1g-dev</pre>
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</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>报错——<span class="hljs-attr">ModuleNotFoundError: <span class="hljs-literal">No <span class="hljs-string">module <span class="hljs-string">named <span class="hljs-string">'_ctypes'</span></span></span></span></span>
<ul>
<li><span class="hljs-attr"><span class="hljs-literal"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">原因：缺少依赖</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="hljs-attr"><span class="hljs-attr"><span class="hljs-literal"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">解决：</span></span></span></span></span></span>
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<pre>yum -y install libffi-devel </pre>
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</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong><span class="hljs-attr" style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)"><span class="hljs-literal"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">pip install 时报错</span></span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p>报错——pip <span class="hljs-keyword">is configured <span class="hljs-keyword">with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module <span class="hljs-keyword">in Python <span class="hljs-keyword">is <span class="hljs-keyword">not available. Could <span class="hljs-keyword">not fetch URL https:*******: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can<span class="hljs-symbol">'t connect <span class="hljs-keyword">to HTTPS URL because the SSL module <span class="hljs-keyword">is <span class="hljs-keyword">not available. - skipping</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> 原因：在 ./configure 过程中，如果没有加上 –with-ssl 参数时，默认安装的软件涉及到 ssl 的功能不可用，刚好 pip3 过程需要 ssl 模块，而由于没有指定，所以该功能不可用。解决办法是重新对 python 进行编译安装</p>
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<p>本文来自博客园，作者：''竹先森゜，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuminghui/p/12119503.html</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuminghui/p/12119503.html
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