centos扩容inode
<h2 id="理解inode">理解inode</h2><blockquote>
<p>文件储存在硬盘上，硬盘的最小存储单位叫做"扇区" <code>Sector</code>，每个扇区储存<code>512字节</code>（相当于<code>0.5KB</code>）<br>
操作系统读取硬盘的时候，不会一个个扇区地读取，这样效率太低，而是一次性连续读取多个扇区，即一次性读取一个"块" <code>block</code>，这种由多个扇区组成的"块"，是文件存取的最小单位。"块"的大小，最常见的是<code>4KB</code>，即连续八个<code>sector</code>组成一个<code>block</code><br>
文件数据都储存在"块"中，必须有一个地方储存文件的元信息，比如文件的创建者、文件的创建日期、文件的大小等等。这种储存文件元信息的区域就叫做<code>inode</code>，中文译名为"索引节点"。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="环境说明">环境说明</h2>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
# uname -a
Linux C71.wcy 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
</code></pre>
<p>但文件系统还有剩余空间，却无法创建文件得时候，可能为<code>inode</code>满了，可以<code>df -i</code>检查一下</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># df -hT
文件系统 类型 容量已用可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 126G2.2G124G 2% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M179M318M 37% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/dfi-dfi--lv ext4 4.8G 28M4.6G 1% /dfi
#
# df -i
文件系统 Inode 已用(I)可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 65800192 60438 65739754 1% /
devtmpfs 479688 364 479324 1% /dev
tmpfs 482689 1 482688 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 482689 1232 481457 1% /run
tmpfs 482689 16 482673 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 256000 335 255665 1% /boot
tmpfs 482689 1 482688 1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/dfi-dfi--lv 327680327680 0 100% /dfi
</code></pre>
<p>表现为</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># touch /dfi/test.txt
touch: 无法创建"/dfi/test.txt": 设备上没有空间
</code></pre>
<h2 id="更改ext4文件系统为xfs">更改ext4文件系统为xfs</h2>
<ul>
<li>因为<code>ext4</code>无法动态调整<code>inode</code>空间占比，所以选择将<code>ext4</code>改为<code>xfs</code>(支持动态调整<code>inode</code>空间占比)<br>
备份文件，将ext4文件系统转为xfs</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># cp -r /dfi /backup
# umount /dev/dfi/dfi-lv
# df -hT
文件系统 类型 容量已用可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 126G2.4G124G 2% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M179M318M 37% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0378M 0% /run/user/0
</code></pre>
<p>如果遇到卸载不掉得情况，可以<code>fuser</code>强制删除用户关联</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># umount /dev/dfi/dfi-lv
umount: /dfi：目标忙。
(有些情况下通过 lsof(8) 或 fuser(1) 可以
找到有关使用该设备的进程的有用信息)
# fuser -m -k /dev/dfi/dfi-lv
/dev/dm-1: 1834c
# umount /dev/dfi/dfi-lv
</code></pre>
<h2 id="删除lvs逻辑卷">删除lvs逻辑卷</h2>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 1 0 wz--n- <25.51g 0
dfivg 1 1 0 wz--n-<5.00g 0
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data%Meta%Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- <25.51g
dfi-lv dfivg-wi-a-----<5.00g
# pvs
PV VG FmtAttr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3centos lvm2 a--<25.51g 0
/dev/sdb dfivglvm2 a-- <5.00g 0
# vgremove dfivg
Do you really want to remove volume group "dfivg" containing 1 logical volumes? : y
Do you really want to remove active logical volume dfivg/dfi-lv? : y
Logical volume "dfi-lv" successfully removed
Volume group "dfivg" successfully removed
# pvremove /dev/sdb
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully wiped.
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 1 0 wz--n- <25.51g 0
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data%Meta%Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- <25.51g
# pvs
PV VG FmtAttr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3centos lvm2 a--<25.51g 0
</code></pre>
<p>重新分区，根据提示，依次输入"mktable"，"gpt"，"y"，"mkpart"，"minio"，"ext4"，"0"，"100%"，"ignore"，"p"，"q"</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mktable
新的磁盘标签类型？ gpt
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
是/Yes/否/No? y
(parted)
(parted) mkpart
分区名称？[]? dfi
文件系统类型？? ext4
起始点？ 0
结束点？ 100%
警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
NumberStart End Size File systemName标志
1 17.4kB5369MB5369MB dfi
(parted) q
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
</code></pre>
<p>格式化磁盘使用<code>make.xfs</code>，可加<code>-f</code>参数强制格式化</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327678 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310711, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
# mount /dev/sdb1 /dfi/
</code></pre>
<p>恢复挂载后查看<code>inode</code>使用情况</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># df -i
文件系统 Inode 已用(I)可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 13373440384910 12988530 3% /
devtmpfs 479687 355 479332 1% /dev
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 482688 1213 481475 1% /run
tmpfs 482688 16 482672 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 256000 335 255665 1% /boot
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 2621376 32621373 1% /dfi
</code></pre>
<p>查看<code>/dfi</code>目录<code>inode</code>空间占比，可以看到占比<code>imaxpct=25</code></p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># xfs_info /dfi/
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327678 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310711, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
</code></pre>
<h2 id="动态扩容inode">动态扩容inode</h2>
<p><code>xfs</code>文件系统动态扩容<code>inode</code>空间占比为<code>30%</code>(后续可以根据存储情况调整)</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># xfs_growfs -m 30 /dfi/
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327678 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310711, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
inode max percent changed from 25 to 30
</code></pre>
<p>查看<code>inode</code>，对比之前可用2621373，增加524328个</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># df -i
文件系统 Inode 已用(I)可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 13373440384910 12988530 3% /
devtmpfs 479687 355 479332 1% /dev
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 482688 1222 481466 1% /run
tmpfs 482688 16 482672 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 256000 335 255665 1% /boot
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 3145704 33145701 1% /dfi
</code></pre>
<h2 id="恢复备份文件">恢复备份文件</h2>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># cp -r /backup/ /dfi/
# df -i
文件系统 Inode 已用(I)可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 13373440385039 12988401 3% /
devtmpfs 479687 355 479332 1% /dev
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 482688 1222 481466 1% /run
tmpfs 482688 16 482672 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 256000 335 255665 1% /boot
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 31457043276742818030 11% /dfi
# df -i -kh /dfi/
文件系统 Inode 已用(I) 可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1 3.0M 320K 2.7M 11% /dfi
</code></pre>
<h2 id="恢复文件系统为lvs逻辑卷">恢复文件系统为LVS逻辑卷</h2>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># umount /dfi/
# df -h
文件系统 容量已用可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 26G2.1G 24G 8% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M179M318M 37% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0378M 0% /run/user/0
# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mktable
新的磁盘标签类型？ gpt
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
是/Yes/否/No? y
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
NumberStartEndSizeFile systemName标志
(parted) q
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RMSIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 30G0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0500M0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 4G0 part
└─sda3 8:3 0 25.5G0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 25.5G0 lvm/
sdb 8:16 0 5G0 disk
# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Device /dev/sdb excluded by a filter.
</code></pre>
<p>导致问题的原因是添加的磁盘是在虚拟机中已经有了分区表，现在的虚拟机并不能识别磁盘的分区表，运行parted命令重做分区表</p>
<pre><code class="language-LANGUAGE-BASH"># parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel msdos
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to
continue?
是/Yes/否/No? y
(parted) q
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
# pvcreate /dev/sdb
WARNING: dos signature detected on /dev/sdb at offset 510. Wipe it? : y
Wiping dos signature on /dev/sdb.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
# vgcreate dfivg /dev/sdb
Volume group "dfivg" successfully created
# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n dfi-lv dfivg
Logical volume "dfi-lv" created.
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 1 0 wz--n- <25.51g 0
dfivg 1 1 0 wz--n-<5.00g 0
# pvs
PV VG FmtAttr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3centos lvm2 a--<25.51g 0
/dev/sdb dfivglvm2 a-- <5.00g 0
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data%Meta%Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- <25.51g
dfi-lv dfivg-wi-a-----<5.00g
# mkfs.xfs /dev/dfivg/dfi-lv
meta-data=/dev/dfivg/dfi-lv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327424 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1309696, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
# mount /dfi/
mount: 在 /etc/fstab 中找不到 /dfi/
# mount /dev/dfivg/dfi-lv /dfi/
# df -hT
文件系统 类型 容量已用可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 26G2.1G 24G 8% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 01.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M179M318M 37% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/dfivg-dfi--lv xfs 5.0G 33M5.0G 1% /dfi
# df -i
文件系统 Inode 已用(I)可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 13373440385042 12988398 3% /
devtmpfs 479687 356 479331 1% /dev
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 482688 1226 481462 1% /run
tmpfs 482688 16 482672 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 256000 335 255665 1% /boot
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/dfivg-dfi--lv2619392 32619389 1% /dfi
# xfs_info /dfi/
meta-data=/dev/mapper/dfivg-dfi--lv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327424 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1309696, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
# xfs_growfs -m 30 /dfi/
meta-data=/dev/mapper/dfivg-dfi--lv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327424 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1309696, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
inode max percent changed from 25 to 30
# xfs_info /dfi/
meta-data=/dev/mapper/dfivg-dfi--lv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327424 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1309696, imaxpct=30
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
# df -i
文件系统 Inode 已用(I)可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 13373440385042 12988398 3% /
devtmpfs 479687 356 479331 1% /dev
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 482688 1226 481462 1% /run
tmpfs 482688 16 482672 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 256000 335 255665 1% /boot
tmpfs 482688 1 482687 1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/dfivg-dfi--lv3143264 33143261 1% /dfi
</code></pre><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/chuyiwang/p/15934583.html
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