Centos系统的升级

一望平静 發表於 2019-10-12 17:21:00

文章来源：https://blog.csdn.net/kikajack/article/details/79396793
系统及内核版本：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 # cat /etc/redhat-release
2 CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
3
4 # uname -a
5 Linux node6 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux</pre>
</div>
更新仓库：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 # yum update
2
3 # cat /etc/redhat-release
4 CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)</pre>
</div>
更新内核：
启用Elrepo仓库
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 #rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
2
3 # rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm</pre>
</div>
查看可用系统内核包
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> 1 # yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
 2 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
 3 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 4* elrepo-kernel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
 5 elrepo-kernel | 2.9 kB 00:00
 6 elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 1.8 MB 00:01
 7 可安装的软件包
 8 kernel-lt.x86_64 4.4.196-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
 9 kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 4.4.196-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
10 kernel-lt-doc.noarch 4.4.196-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
11 kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 4.4.196-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
12 kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 4.4.196-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
13 kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 4.4.196-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
14 kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 4.4.196-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
15 kernel-ml.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
16 kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
17 kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
18 kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
19 kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
20 kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
21 kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
22 perf.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
23 python-perf.x86_64 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</pre>
</div>
安装最新内核
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 # yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml</pre>
</div>
查看系统上可用的所有内核：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 # awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
2 0 : CentOS Linux (5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
3 1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
4 2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
5 3 : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-ca186cba450446219a27ee86e037534b) 7 (Core)</pre>
</div>
设置默认启动选项grub(多系统启动程序)，有两种方法：
通过 grub2-set-default 0 命令设置，0为上步执行结果
通过编辑文/etc/default/grub，将GRUB_DEFAULT=saved改为GRUB_DEFAULT=0
通过 gurb2-mkconfig 命令创建 grub2 的配置文件：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> 1 # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
 2 Generating grub configuration file ...
 3 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
 4 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
 5 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
 6 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64.img
 7 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
 8 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img
 9 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-ca186cba450446219a27ee86e037534b
10 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-ca186cba450446219a27ee86e037534b.img</pre>
</div>
重启系统查看：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 # reboot
2 # uname -r
3 5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64</pre>
</div>
可以选择删除其余旧版本内核，若系统需要降级亦可保留其他内核
删除旧版本内核可用yum remove 或者 yum-utils:
用rpm -qa | grep kernal 得到内核列表，再用yum remove 删除
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 # rpm -qa | grep kernel
2 kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
3 kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
4 kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
5 abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.1.11-55.el7.centos.x86_64
6 kernel-ml-5.3.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
7 kernel-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64</pre>
</div>
yum-utils 在系统安装超过三个内核时会删除旧版本内核
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># package-cleanup --oldkernels
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
No old kernels to remove</pre>
</div>
安装指定版本内核时只需在install后面加上指定版本即可。
<img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto" src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1639072/201910/1639072-20191012172345417-154440531.png" alt="">
 

 

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<div>作者：Ajunyu</div>
<div>出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/shwee/

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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/ajunyu/p/11662821.html

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Centos系统的升级