CentOS网络配置详解
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<div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="csharp plain"></code><code class="csharp comments">配置文件详解</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">在RHEL或者CentOS等Redhat系的Linux系统里，跟网络有关的主要设置文件如下：</code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/host.conf 配置域名服务客户端的控制文件</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/hosts 完成主机名映射为IP地址的功能</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/resolv.conf 域名服务客户端的配置文件,用于指定域名服务器的位置</code></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/sysconfig/network 包含了主机最基本的网络信息,用于系统启动.</code></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ 系统启动时初始化网络的一些信息</code></div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/xinetd.conf 定义了由超级进程xinetd启动的网络服务</code></div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/networks 完成域名与网络地址的映射</code></div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/protocols 设定了主机使用的协议以及各个协议的协议号</code></div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/services 设定主机的不同端口的网络服务</code></div>
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<div class="line number140 index139 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifup eth0 # 开启eth0网卡</code></div>
<div class="line number141 index140 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifdown eth0 # 关闭eth0网卡</code></div>
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<p>CentOS 查询IP地址，输入下面的命令：ip -a 。</p>
<p>CentOS 打开/关闭网络连接，输入下面的命令：ifup ens192 ifdw ens192 。</p>
<p>CentOS 重启网络服务，输入下面的命令：systemctl retart network.service 或 systemctl restart network。</p>
<p>CentOS 启动网络服务，输入下面的命令：systemctl start network.service，或 systemctl start network。</p>
<p>CentOS 停止网络服务，输入命令：systemctl stop network.service，或 systemctl stop network。</p>
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<div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">1. /etc/host.conf文件的默认信息如下：</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">multi </code><code class="csharp keyword">on</code> <code class="csharp plain">#允许主机拥有多个IP地址</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">order hosts,bind #主机名解析顺序，即本地解析,DNS域名解析的顺序</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">这个文件一般不需要我们修改，默认的解析顺序是本地解析,DNS服务器解析，也就是说在本系统里对于一个主机名首先进行本地解析，如果本地解析没有，然后进行DNS服务器解析。</code></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">2. /etc/hosts文件默认的内容大概如下：</code></div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">127.0.0.1 butbueatiful localhost.localdomain localhost</code></div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6</code></div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">可见，默认的情况是本机ip和本机一些主机名的对应关系，第一行是ipv4信息，第二行是ipv6信息，如果用不上ipv6本机解析，一般把该行注释掉。</code></div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">第一行的解析效果是，butbueatiful localhost.localdomain localhost都会被解析成127.0.0.1,我们可以用ping试试。</code></div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="csharp plain"># ping -c 3 butbueatiful</code></div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">PING butbueatiful (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.</code></div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">64 bytes </code><code class="csharp keyword">from</code> <code class="csharp plain">butbueatiful (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">64 bytes </code><code class="csharp keyword">from</code> <code class="csharp plain">butbueatiful (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">64 bytes </code><code class="csharp keyword">from</code> <code class="csharp plain">butbueatiful (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.051 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">--- butbueatiful ping statistics ---</code></div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms</code></div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.051/0.054/0.061/0.009 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2"><code class="csharp plain"># ping -c 3 localhost.localdomain</code></div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">PING butbueatiful (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.</code></div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">64 bytes </code><code class="csharp keyword">from</code> <code class="csharp plain">butbueatiful (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">64 bytes </code><code class="csharp keyword">from</code> <code class="csharp plain">butbueatiful (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number29 index28 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">64 bytes </code><code class="csharp keyword">from</code> <code class="csharp plain">butbueatiful (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number31 index30 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">--- butbueatiful ping statistics ---</code></div>
<div class="line number32 index31 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms</code></div>
<div class="line number33 index32 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.035/0.046/0.055/0.011 ms</code></div>
<div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number35 index34 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">看到上面的结果，你可能会问为什么ping localhost.localdomain的时候，下面显示的是却是butbueatiful，这是因为第一个主机名butbueatiful后面的那些主机名其实都是butbueatiful的主机别名。</code></div>
<div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">如果我们要追加新的本地解析，比如我们希望在我们的机器里把yyyy.com和www.yyyy.com都解析成192.168.0.100，那么就追加如下一句即可：</code></div>
<div class="line number38 index37 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">192.168.0.100 yyyy.com www.yyyy.com</code></div>
<div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number40 index39 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">同样，在这里，www.yyyy.com是yyyy.com的主机别名。</code></div>
<div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number42 index41 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">如果你仔细一想，会发现，其实这个文件是很危险的，如果有人恶意修改了你这个文件，比如把淘宝的网站域名解析到了他的钓鱼网站，那你就要中招了。</code></div>
<div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number44 index43 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">3. /etc/resolv.conf, 指定域名解析的DNS服务器IP等信息, 配置参数一般接触到的有4个：</code></div>
<div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number46 index45 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">nameserver 指定DNS服务器的IP地址</code></div>
<div class="line number47 index46 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">domain 定义本地域名信息</code></div>
<div class="line number48 index47 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">search 定义域名的搜索列表</code></div>
<div class="line number49 index48 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">sortlist 对gethostbyname返回的地址进行排序</code></div>
<div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number51 index50 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">但是最常用的配置参数是nameserver，其他的可以不设置，这个参数指定了DNS服务器的IP地址，如果设置不正确，就无法进行正常的域名解析。</code></div>
<div class="line number52 index51 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">一般来说，推荐设置2个DNS服务器，比如我们用google的免费DNS服务器，那么该文件的设置内容如下：</code></div>
<div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number54 index53 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">nameserver 8.8.8.8</code></div>
<div class="line number55 index54 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">nameserver 8.8.4.4</code></div>
<div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number57 index56 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">同样，这个文件也是危险的，如果被人恶意改成了他自己的DNS服务器，他就可以为所欲为的控制你通过域名访问的每个目的地了，这就是常说的DNS劫持。</code></div>
<div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number59 index58 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">4. /etc/sysconfig/network, 典型的配置如下：</code></div>
<div class="line number60 index59 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number61 index60 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">NETWORKING=yes</code></div>
<div class="line number62 index61 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">NETWORKING_IPV6=no</code></div>
<div class="line number63 index62 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">HOSTNAME=butbueatiful</code></div>
<div class="line number64 index63 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">GATEWAY=192.168.0.1</code></div>
<div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number66 index65 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">参数简要解释：</code></div>
<div class="line number67 index66 alt2"><code class="csharp spaces"> </code> </div>
<div class="line number68 index67 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">NETWORK 设置网络是否有效，yes有效，no无效</code></div>
<div class="line number69 index68 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">NETWORKING_IPV6 设置ipv6网络是否有效，yes有效，no无效</code></div>
<div class="line number70 index69 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">HOSTNAME 设置服务器的主机名，最好和/etc/hosts里设置一样，否则在使用一些程序的时候会有问题。</code></div>
<div class="line number71 index70 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">GATEWAY 指定默认网关IP</code></div>
<div class="line number72 index71 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number73 index72 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">5. ifcfg-ethX, 设置对应网口的IP等信息, 比如第一个网口, 那么就是/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0，配置例子：</code></div>
<div class="line number74 index73 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number74 index73 alt1">参数简要解释：</div>
<div class="line number83 index82 alt2">
<p>TYPE=Ethernet #类型=以太网络<br>PROXY_METHOD=none #代理模式<br>BROWSER_ONLY=no<br>BOOTPROTO=none #开机协议<br>DEFROUTE=yes #<br>IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no<br>IPV6INIT=yes<br>IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes<br>IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes<br>IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no<br>IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy<br>NAME=ens32<br>UUID=0e6d72a7-8a6c-43ac-aef2-25d165562fd0 <br>DEVICE=ens32 #设备<br>ONBOOT=yes #启动或者重启网络时，是否启动该设备，yes是启动，no是不启动<br>IPADDR=192.168.1.15 #IP地址<br>PREFIX=24 #子网掩码<br>GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 #网关<br>DNS1=192.168.1.2 #DNS服务器地址<br>IPV6_PRIVACY=no #IPV6协议</p>
</div>
<div class="line number84 index83 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number85 index84 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">DEVICE 设备名，不要自己乱改，和文件ifcfg-ethX里的ethX要一致</code></div>
<div class="line number86 index85 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">BROADCAST 广播地址</code></div>
<div class="line number87 index86 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">HWADDR 物理地址，这个你不要乱改</code></div>
<div class="line number88 index87 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">IPADDR IP地址</code></div>
<div class="line number89 index88 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">NETMASK 子网掩码</code></div>
<div class="line number90 index89 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">ONBOOT 启动或者重启网络时，是否启动该设备，yes是启动，no是不启动</code></div>
<div class="line number91 index90 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">BOOTPROTO 开机协议，最常见的三个参数如下：</code></div>
<div class="line number92 index91 alt1"><code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code><code class="csharp plain">(静态IP)</code></div>
<div class="line number93 index92 alt2"><code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">none(不指定,设置固定ip的情况，这个也行，但是如果要设定多网口绑定bond的时候，必须设成none）</code></div>
<div class="line number94 index93 alt1"><code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">dhcp(动态获得IP相关信息）</code></div>
<div class="line number95 index94 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number96 index95 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">6. route-ethX,比如第一个网口eth0的路由信息,那么就是/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0：</code></div>
<div class="line number97 index96 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number98 index97 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">比如我们现在有这样一个需求，通过eth0去网络172.17.27.0/24不走默认路由，需要走192.168.0.254，那么我们第一反应，肯定是用route命令追加路由信息：</code></div>
<div class="line number99 index98 alt2"><code class="csharp plain"># route add -net 172.17.27.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.0.254 dev eth0</code></div>
<div class="line number100 index99 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number101 index100 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">可是，你没意识到的是，这样只是动态追加的而已，重启网络后，路由信息就消失了，所以需要设置静态路由，这时候就要设置/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0文件了，如果没有该文件，你就新建一个：</code></div>
<div class="line number102 index101 alt1"><code class="csharp plain"># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0</code></div>
<div class="line number103 index102 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor">#追加</code></div>
<div class="line number104 index103 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">172.17.27.0/24via 192.168.0.254</code></div>
<div class="line number105 index104 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number106 index105 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">这下即使重启网络，重启系统，该路由也会自动加载，当然了，如果你没有这样的需要，那么这个文件就没必要创建和配置了。</code></div>
<div class="line number107 index106 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number108 index107 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">二、常用的网络配置</code></div>
<div class="line number109 index108 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number110 index109 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">伴随着时间的推移Red Hat公司推出了RHEL6.2，随后CentOS也紧随其后退出了CentOS6.2。新的系统中厂商加入了大量虚拟化及云计算的元素，同时对于细节的改变也不少，这里我们仅对新系统中的网络参数做以详尽说明。</code></div>
<div class="line number111 index110 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number112 index111 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">Linux中网络参数大致包含以下内容：</code></div>
<div class="line number113 index112 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number114 index113 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">IP地址</code></div>
<div class="line number115 index114 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">子网掩码</code></div>
<div class="line number116 index115 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">网关</code></div>
<div class="line number117 index116 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">DNS服务器</code></div>
<div class="line number118 index117 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">主机名</code></div>
<div class="line number119 index118 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number120 index119 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">历来Linux系统中修改这些参数的方式通常有：命令、文件两种。其中通过命令设置可以立即生效但重启后将失效，通过文件修改实现永久生效，但不会立即生效。</code></div>
<div class="line number121 index120 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number122 index121 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">首先我们来看看命令的方式：</code></div>
<div class="line number123 index122 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number124 index123 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">ifconfig：查看与设置IP地址、子网掩码</code></div>
<div class="line number125 index124 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">hostname：查看与设置主机名</code></div>
<div class="line number126 index125 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">route： 查看与设置路由信息（默认网关等）</code></div>
<div class="line number127 index126 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number128 index127 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">通过文件的方式修改：</code></div>
<div class="line number129 index128 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number130 index129 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-设备名（通常为ifcfg-eth0)</code></div>
<div class="line number131 index130 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/sysconfig/network</code></div>
<div class="line number132 index131 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">/etc/resolv.conf文件：设置DNS服务器</code></div>
<div class="line number133 index132 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number134 index133 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">以上种种这些方式可以同时在5.0与6.0系统中实现，但6.0系统后官方文档中描述说：ifconfig与route是非常陈旧的命令，取而代之的是ip命令。</code></div>
<div class="line number135 index134 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number136 index135 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">那么我们先看一下老的命令使用方式：</code></div>
<div class="line number137 index136 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">*************************************************************************</code></div>
<div class="line number138 index137 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">ifconfig 接口 选项|地址</code></div>
<div class="line number139 index138 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number140 index139 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifconfig eth0 up # 开启eth0网卡</code></div>
<div class="line number141 index140 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifconfig eth0 down # 关闭eth0网卡</code></div>
<div class="line number142 index141 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifconfig eth0 -arp # 关闭eth0网卡arp协议</code></div>
<div class="line number143 index142 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifconfig eth0 promisc # 开启eth0网卡的混合模式</code></div>
<div class="line number144 index143 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifconfig eth0 mtu 1400 # 设置eth0网卡的最大传输单元为1400</code></div>
<div class="line number145 index144 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.2/24 # 设置eth0网卡IP地址</code></div>
<div class="line number146 index145 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 # 功能同上</code></div>
<div class="line number147 index146 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number148 index147 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">*************************************************************************</code></div>
<div class="line number149 index148 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">主机名：</code></div>
<div class="line number150 index149 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number151 index150 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># hostname # 查看主机名</code></div>
<div class="line number152 index151 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># hostname butbueatiful.com # 设置主机名为butbueatiful.com</code></div>
<div class="line number153 index152 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number154 index153 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">*************************************************************************</code></div>
<div class="line number155 index154 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">网关设置：</code></div>
<div class="line number156 index155 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number157 index156 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">route add [-net|-host] target gw</code></div>
<div class="line number158 index157 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">route del [-net|-host] target gw</code></div>
<div class="line number159 index158 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number160 index159 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># route add -net 192.168.3.0/24 gw 192.168.0.254 # 设置到192.168.3.0网段的网关为192.168.0.254</code></div>
<div class="line number161 index160 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.0.254 # 功能同上</code></div>
<div class="line number162 index161 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># route add -host 192.168.4.4 gw 192.168.0.254 # 设置到192.168.4.4主机的网关为192.168.0.254</code></div>
<div class="line number163 index162 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor">#</code></div>
<div class="line number164 index163 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># route del -net 192.168.3.0/24 # 删除192.168.3.0网段的网关信息</code></div>
<div class="line number165 index164 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># route del -host 192.168.4.4 # 删除192.168.4.4主机的网关信息</code></div>
<div class="line number166 index165 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># route add default gw 192.168.0.254 # 设置默认网关为192.168.0.254</code></div>
<div class="line number167 index166 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># route del default gw 192.168.0.254 # 删除默认网关为192.168.0.254</code></div>
<div class="line number168 index167 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number169 index168 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">*************************************************************************</code></div>
<div class="line number170 index169 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number171 index170 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">而如今官方不再推荐使用如此陈旧的命令而推荐使用 ip 这个命令，以下我们看看它的用法：</code></div>
<div class="line number172 index171 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number173 index172 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">ip [选项] 操作对象{link|addr|route...}</code></div>
<div class="line number174 index173 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number175 index174 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip link show # 显示网络接口信息</code></div>
<div class="line number176 index175 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip link set eth0 upi # 开启网卡</code></div>
<div class="line number177 index176 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip link set eth0 down # 关闭网卡</code></div>
<div class="line number178 index177 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip link set eth0 promisc on # 开启网卡的混合模式</code></div>
<div class="line number179 index178 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip link set eth0 promisc offi # 关闭网卡的混个模式</code></div>
<div class="line number180 index179 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip link set eth0 txqueuelen 1200 # 设置网卡队列长度</code></div>
<div class="line number181 index180 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip link set eth0 mtu 1400 # 设置网卡最大传输单元</code></div>
<div class="line number182 index181 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip addr show # 显示网卡IP信息</code></div>
<div class="line number183 index182 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 设置eth0网卡IP地址192.168.0.1</code></div>
<div class="line number184 index183 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip addr del 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 删除eth0网卡IP地址</code></div>
<div class="line number185 index184 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number186 index185 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip route list # 查看路由信息</code></div>
<div class="line number187 index186 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip route add 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 设置192.168.4.0网段的网关为192.168.0.254,数据走eth0接口</code></div>
<div class="line number188 index187 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip route add default via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 设置默认网关为192.168.0.254</code></div>
<div class="line number189 index188 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip route del 192.168.4.0/24 # 删除192.168.4.0网段的网关</code></div>
<div class="line number190 index189 alt1"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># ip route del default # 删除默认路由</code></div>
<div class="line number191 index190 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number192 index191 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">**************************************************************</code></div>
<div class="line number193 index192 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">接下来再看看通过文件修改网络参数：（CentOS6.2系统为例）</code></div>
<div class="line number194 index193 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number195 index194 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 </code></div>
<div class="line number196 index195 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number197 index196 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">DEVICE=</code><code class="csharp string">"eth0"</code> <code class="csharp plain">设备名</code></div>
<div class="line number198 index197 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">NM_CONTROLLED=</code><code class="csharp string">"yes"</code> <code class="csharp plain">设备是否被NetworkManager管理</code></div>
<div class="line number199 index198 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="csharp string">"no"</code> <code class="csharp plain">开机是否启动</code></div>
<div class="line number200 index199 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">HWADDR=</code><code class="csharp string">"00:0C:29:59:E2:D3"</code> <code class="csharp plain">硬件地址（MAC地址）</code></div>
<div class="line number201 index200 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">TYPE=Ethernet 类型</code></div>
<div class="line number202 index201 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">BOOTPROTO=none 启动协议{none|dhcp}</code></div>
<div class="line number203 index202 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">IPADDR=192.168.0.1 IP地址</code></div>
<div class="line number204 index203 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">PREFIX=24 子网掩码</code></div>
<div class="line number205 index204 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">GATEWAY=192.168.0.254 默认网关</code></div>
<div class="line number206 index205 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">DNS1=202.106.0.20 主DNS</code></div>
<div class="line number207 index206 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">DOMAIN=202.106.46.151 辅助DNS</code></div>
<div class="line number208 index207 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">UUID=5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 设备UUID编号</code></div>
<div class="line number209 index208 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number210 index209 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">**************************************************************</code></div>
<div class="line number211 index210 alt2"><code class="csharp preprocessor"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network</code></div>
<div class="line number212 index211 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number213 index212 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">HOSTNAME=butbueatiful.com 主机名</code></div>
<div class="line number214 index213 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number215 index214 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">**************************************************************</code></div>
<div class="line number216 index215 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number217 index216 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">注意：在5.0时代DNS服务器写在 /etc/resolv.conf 文件中，但到了6.0时代DNS可以写在/etc/resolv.conf但是此时需要在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 文件中添加 PEERDNS=no 配置，不然每次重启网卡就会重写/etc/resolv.conf文件的内容，当然了也可以直接写在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 文件中。</code></div>
<div class="line number218 index217 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number219 index218 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number220 index219 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">后记：</code></div>
<div class="line number221 index220 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number222 index221 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">1. 配置/etc/resolv.confg重启丢失解决方法：</code></div>
<div class="line number223 index222 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number224 index223 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">一种方法是把 PEERDNS 设置为“no”。</code></div>
<div class="line number225 index224 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number226 index225 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">找到网卡配置文件，位置和： /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth 文件中加入PEERDNS 选项。可以是 0, 1, 2等等，代表不同网卡的配置文件。例如，系统上第一张网卡是eth0的话，那它的配置文件就是/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 然后在文件中把 PEERDNS 改为 ‘no’.</code></div>
<div class="line number227 index226 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">例如：</code></div>
<div class="line number228 index227 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number229 index228 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">DEVICE=eth0</code></div>
<div class="line number230 index229 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">BOOTPROTO=dhcp</code></div>
<div class="line number231 index230 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">ONBOOT=yes</code></div>
<div class="line number232 index231 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">TYPE=Ethernet</code></div>
<div class="line number233 index232 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">PEERDNS=no</code></div>
<div class="line number234 index233 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number235 index234 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">这个选项可令 /etc/resolv.conf 在系统重启后不会被重写。</code></div>
<div class="line number236 index235 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number237 index236 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">另一种方法是在这个文件中增加DNS：</code></div>
<div class="line number238 index237 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">如：</code></div>
<div class="line number239 index238 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">DNS1=127.0.0.1</code></div>
<div class="line number240 index239 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">DNS2=8.8.8.8</code></div>
<div class="line number241 index240 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number242 index241 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">2. 安全设置</code></div>
<div class="line number243 index242 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number244 index243 alt1"><code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">我们前面说了/etc/resolv.conf和/etc/hosts被人篡改了的话, 会很危险, 那我们在设置好着2个文件后, 做一下处理, 让这2个文件默认不能直接修改, 即使root也不行, 执行如下命令：</code></div>
<div class="line number245 index244 alt2"><code class="csharp plain"># chattr +i /etc/{resolv.conf,hosts}</code></div>
<div class="line number246 index245 alt1"> </div>
<div class="line number247 index246 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">如果我们自己想修改的时候，执行： </code></div>
<div class="line number248 index247 alt1"><code class="csharp plain"># chattr -i /etc/{resolv.conf,hosts}</code></div>
<div class="line number249 index248 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number250 index249 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">然后就可以修改了，修改完了别忘记+i。</code></div>
<div class="line number251 index250 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number252 index251 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">3. 网络排除思路</code></div>
<div class="line number253 index252 alt2"> </div>
<div class="line number254 index253 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">检查配置文件是否有错误(书写及语法错误等）</code></div>
<div class="line number255 index254 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">检查本机网络协议是否正确：# ping -c 3 127.0.0.1</code></div>
<div class="line number256 index255 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">检查本机网卡链路是否正确：# ping -c 3 192.168.0.1(本机IP地址)</code></div>
<div class="line number257 index256 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">检查网关是否正确： # ping -c 3 192.168.0.254(网关IP地址)</code></div>
<div class="line number258 index257 alt1"><code class="csharp plain">检查外部连通性： # ping -c 3 www.google.com.hk</code></div>
<div class="line number259 index258 alt2"><code class="csharp plain">检查硬件</code></div>
</div>
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他强由他强，清风拂山冈。他横任他横，明月照大江。<br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/gucb/p/11120627.html
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