flask中配置并使用mongodb

萧又鸣 發表於 2019-12-11 20:35:00

<p>在你安装并运行了mongodb的情况下：<br>
随便在一个文件中写入以下代码：<br>
import pymongo<br>
client = pymongo.MongoClient(host="localhost", port=27017)<br>
client.库名.表名.find()或其他方法<br>
注：习惯叫表名了，在mongodb中叫文档或collections<br>
如果你设置了用户名和密码则配置与上面有一条不同：<br>
client = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://user:passwd@host:port/database")</p>
<p>一个讲的更多细节的地址</p>
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<p>pymongo使用方法</p>
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number296 index295 alt1">296</div><div class="line number297 index296 alt2">297</div><div class="line number298 index297 alt1">298</div><div class="line number299 index298 alt2">299</div><div class="line number300 index299 alt1">300</div><div class="line number301 index300 alt2">301</div><div class="line number302 index301 alt1">302</div><div class="line number303 index302 alt2">303</div><div class="line number304 index303 alt1">304</div><div class="line number305 index304 alt2">305</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="python comments">#!/usr/bin/env python</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="python comments"># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="python comments">MongoDB存储</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python comments">在这里我们来看一下Python3下MongoDB的存储操作，在本节开始之前请确保你已经安装好了MongoDB并启动了其服务，另外安装好了Python</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python comments">的PyMongo库。</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> </div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="python comments">连接MongoDB</code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python comments">连接MongoDB我们需要使用PyMongo库里面的MongoClient，一般来说传入MongoDB的IP及端口即可，第一个参数为地址host，</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python comments">第二个参数为端口port，端口如果不传默认是27017。</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="python keyword">import</code> <code class="python plain">pymongo</code></div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2"><code class="python plain">client </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">pymongo.MongoClient(host</code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python string">'localhost'</code><code class="python plain">, port</code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python value">27017</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="python comments">这样我们就可以创建一个MongoDB的连接对象了。另外MongoClient的第一个参数host还可以直接传MongoDB的连接字符串，以mongodb开头，</code></div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1"><code class="python comments">例如：client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')可以达到同样的连接效果。</code></div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 指定数据库</code></div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2"><code class="python comments"># MongoDB中还分为一个个数据库，我们接下来的一步就是指定要操作哪个数据库，在这里我以test数据库为例进行说明，所以下一步我们</code></div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 需要在程序中指定要使用的数据库。</code></div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> </div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1"><code class="python plain">db </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">client.test</code></div><div class="line number23 index22 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 调用client的test属性即可返回test数据库，当然也可以这样来指定：</code></div><div class="line number24 index23 alt1"><code class="python comments"># db = client['test']</code></div><div class="line number25 index24 alt2"><code class="python comments">#　两种方式是等价的。</code></div><div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> </div><div class="line number27 index26 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 指定集合</code></div><div class="line number28 index27 alt1"><code class="python comments"># MongoDB的每个数据库又包含了许多集合Collection，也就类似与关系型数据库中的表，下一步我们需要指定要操作的集合，</code></div><div class="line number29 index28 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 在这里我们指定一个集合名称为students，学生集合。还是和指定数据库类似，指定集合也有两种方式。</code></div><div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> </div><div class="line number31 index30 alt2"><code class="python plain">collection </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">db.students</code></div><div class="line number32 index31 alt1"><code class="python comments"># collection = db['students']</code></div><div class="line number33 index32 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 插入数据,接下来我们便可以进行数据插入了，对于students这个Collection，我们新建一条学生数据，以字典的形式表示：</code></div><div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> </div><div class="line number35 index34 alt2"><code class="python plain">student </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code></div><div class="line number36 index35 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'id'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'20170101'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number37 index36 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Jordan'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number38 index37 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number39 index38 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'gender'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'male'</code></div><div class="line number40 index39 alt1"><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number41 index40 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 在这里我们指定了学生的学号、姓名、年龄和性别，然后接下来直接调用collection的insert()方法即可插入数据。</code></div><div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> </div><div class="line number43 index42 alt2"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.insert(student)</code></div><div class="line number44 index43 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number45 index44 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 在MongoDB中，每条数据其实都有一个_id属性来唯一标识，如果没有显式指明_id，MongoDB会自动产生一个ObjectId类型的_id属性。</code></div><div class="line number46 index45 alt1"><code class="python comments"># insert()方法会在执行后返回的_id值。</code></div><div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> </div><div class="line number48 index47 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number49 index48 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 5932a68615c2606814c91f3d</code></div><div class="line number50 index49 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 当然我们也可以同时插入多条数据，只需要以列表形式传递即可，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> </div><div class="line number52 index51 alt1"><code class="python plain">student1 </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code></div><div class="line number53 index52 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'id'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'20170101'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number54 index53 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Jordan'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number55 index54 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number56 index55 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'gender'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'male'</code></div><div class="line number57 index56 alt2"><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> </div><div class="line number59 index58 alt2"><code class="python plain">student2 </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code></div><div class="line number60 index59 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'id'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'20170202'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number61 index60 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Mike'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number62 index61 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">21</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number63 index62 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'gender'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'male'</code></div><div class="line number64 index63 alt1"><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> </div><div class="line number66 index65 alt1"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.insert()</code></div><div class="line number67 index66 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number68 index67 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 返回的结果是对应的_id的集合，运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number69 index68 alt2"><code class="python comments"># </code></div><div class="line number70 index69 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 实际上在PyMongo 3.X版本中，insert()方法官方已经不推荐使用了，当然继续使用也没有什么问题，</code></div><div class="line number71 index70 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 官方推荐使用insert_one()和insert_many()方法将插入单条和多条记录分开。</code></div><div class="line number72 index71 alt1"> </div><div class="line number73 index72 alt2"><code class="python plain">student </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code></div><div class="line number74 index73 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'id'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'20170101'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number75 index74 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Jordan'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number76 index75 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number77 index76 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'gender'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'male'</code></div><div class="line number78 index77 alt1"><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number79 index78 alt2"> </div><div class="line number80 index79 alt1"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.insert_one(student)</code></div><div class="line number81 index80 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number82 index81 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result.inserted_id)</code></div><div class="line number83 index82 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number84 index83 alt1"><code class="python comments"># <pymongo.results.InsertOneResult object at 0x10d68b558></code></div><div class="line number85 index84 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 5932ab0f15c2606f0c1cf6c5</code></div><div class="line number86 index85 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 返回结果和insert()方法不同，这次返回的是InsertOneResult对象，我们可以调用其inserted_id属性获取_id。</code></div><div class="line number87 index86 alt2"> </div><div class="line number88 index87 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 对于insert_many()方法，我们可以将数据以列表形式传递即可，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number89 index88 alt2"> </div><div class="line number90 index89 alt1"><code class="python plain">student1 </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code></div><div class="line number91 index90 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'id'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'20170101'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number92 index91 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Jordan'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number93 index92 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number94 index93 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'gender'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'male'</code></div><div class="line number95 index94 alt2"><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number96 index95 alt1"> </div><div class="line number97 index96 alt2"><code class="python plain">student2 </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code></div><div class="line number98 index97 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'id'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'20170202'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number99 index98 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Mike'</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number100 index99 alt1"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">21</code><code class="python plain">,</code></div><div class="line number101 index100 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python string">'gender'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'male'</code></div><div class="line number102 index101 alt1"><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number103 index102 alt2"> </div><div class="line number104 index103 alt1"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.insert_many()</code></div><div class="line number105 index104 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number106 index105 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result.inserted_ids)</code></div><div class="line number107 index106 alt2"><code class="python comments"># insert_many()方法返回的类型是InsertManyResult，调用inserted_ids属性可以获取插入数据的_id列表，运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number108 index107 alt1"> </div><div class="line number109 index108 alt2"><code class="python comments"># <pymongo.results.InsertManyResult object at 0x101dea558></code></div><div class="line number110 index109 alt1"><code class="python comments"># </code></div><div class="line number111 index110 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 查询，插入数据后我们可以利用find_one()或find()方法进行查询，find_one()查询得到是单个结果，find()则返回多个结果。</code></div><div class="line number112 index111 alt1"> </div><div class="line number113 index112 alt2"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find_one({</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Mike'</code><code class="python plain">})</code></div><div class="line number114 index113 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python functions">type</code><code class="python plain">(result))</code></div><div class="line number115 index114 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number116 index115 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 在这里我们查询name为Mike的数据，它的返回结果是字典类型，运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number117 index116 alt2"><code class="python comments"># <class'dict'></code></div><div class="line number118 index117 alt1"><code class="python comments"># {'_id': ObjectId('5932a80115c2606a59e8a049'), 'id': '20170202', 'name': 'Mike', 'age': 21, 'gender': 'male'}</code></div><div class="line number119 index118 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 可以发现它多了一个_id属性，这就是MongoDB在插入的过程中自动添加的。</code></div><div class="line number120 index119 alt1"> </div><div class="line number121 index120 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 我们也可以直接根据ObjectId来查询，这里需要使用bson库里面的ObjectId。</code></div><div class="line number122 index121 alt1"> </div><div class="line number123 index122 alt2"><code class="python keyword">from</code> <code class="python plain">bson.objectid </code><code class="python keyword">import</code> <code class="python plain">ObjectId</code></div><div class="line number124 index123 alt1"> </div><div class="line number125 index124 alt2"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find_one({</code><code class="python string">'_id'</code><code class="python plain">: ObjectId(</code><code class="python string">'593278c115c2602667ec6bae'</code><code class="python plain">)})</code></div><div class="line number126 index125 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number127 index126 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 其查询结果依然是字典类型，运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number128 index127 alt1"> </div><div class="line number129 index128 alt2"><code class="python comments"># {' ObjectId('593278c115c2602667ec6bae'), 'id': '20170101', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'}</code></div><div class="line number130 index129 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 当然如果查询_id':结果不存在则会返回None。</code></div><div class="line number131 index130 alt2"> </div><div class="line number132 index131 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 对于多条数据的查询，我们可以使用find()方法，例如在这里查找年龄为20的数据，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number133 index132 alt2"> </div><div class="line number134 index133 alt1"><code class="python plain">results </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find({</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">})</code></div><div class="line number135 index134 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(results)</code></div><div class="line number136 index135 alt1"><code class="python keyword">for</code> <code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">results:</code></div><div class="line number137 index136 alt2"><code class="python spaces">    </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number138 index137 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number139 index138 alt2"> </div><div class="line number140 index139 alt1"><code class="python comments"># <pymongo.cursor.Cursor object at 0x1032d5128></code></div><div class="line number141 index140 alt2"><code class="python comments"># {'_id': ObjectId('593278c115c2602667ec6bae'), 'id': '20170101', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'}</code></div><div class="line number142 index141 alt1"><code class="python comments"># {'_id': ObjectId('593278c815c2602678bb2b8d'), 'id': '20170102', 'name': 'Kevin', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'}</code></div><div class="line number143 index142 alt2"><code class="python comments"># {'_id': ObjectId('593278d815c260269d7645a8'), 'id': '20170103', 'name': 'Harden', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'}</code></div><div class="line number144 index143 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 返回结果是Cursor类型，相当于一个生成器，我们需要遍历取到所有的结果，每一个结果都是字典类型。</code></div><div class="line number145 index144 alt2"> </div><div class="line number146 index145 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 如果要查询年龄大于20的数据，则写法如下：</code></div><div class="line number147 index146 alt2"> </div><div class="line number148 index147 alt1"><code class="python plain">results </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find({</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: {</code><code class="python string">'$gt'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">}})</code></div><div class="line number149 index148 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 在这里查询的条件键值已经不是单纯的数字了，而是一个字典，其键名为比较符号$gt，意思是大于，键值为20，这样便可以查询出所有</code></div><div class="line number150 index149 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 年龄大于20的数据。</code></div><div class="line number151 index150 alt2"> </div><div class="line number152 index151 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 在这里将比较符号归纳如下表：</code></div><div class="line number153 index152 alt2"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number154 index153 alt1"><code class="python comments">符号含义示例</code></div><div class="line number155 index154 alt2"><code class="python comments">$lt小于{'age': {'$lt': 20}}</code></div><div class="line number156 index155 alt1"><code class="python comments">$gt大于{'age': {'$gt': 20}}</code></div><div class="line number157 index156 alt2"><code class="python comments">$lte小于等于{'age': {'$lte': 20}}</code></div><div class="line number158 index157 alt1"><code class="python comments">$gte大于等于{'age': {'$gte': 20}}</code></div><div class="line number159 index158 alt2"><code class="python comments">$ne不等于{'age': {'$ne': 20}}</code></div><div class="line number160 index159 alt1"><code class="python comments">$in在范围内{'age': {'$in': }}</code></div><div class="line number161 index160 alt2"><code class="python comments">$nin不在范围内{'age': {'$nin': }}</code></div><div class="line number162 index161 alt1"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number163 index162 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 另外还可以进行正则匹配查询，例如查询名字以M开头的学生数据，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number164 index163 alt1"> </div><div class="line number165 index164 alt2"><code class="python plain">results </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find({</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: {</code><code class="python string">'$regex'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'^M.*'</code><code class="python plain">}})</code></div><div class="line number166 index165 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 在这里使用了$regex来指定正则匹配，^M.*代表以M开头的正则表达式，这样就可以查询所有符合该正则的结果。</code></div><div class="line number167 index166 alt2"> </div><div class="line number168 index167 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 在这里将一些功能符号再归类如下：</code></div><div class="line number169 index168 alt2"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number170 index169 alt1"><code class="python comments">符号含义示例示例含义</code></div><div class="line number171 index170 alt2"><code class="python comments">$regex匹配正则{'name': {'$regex': '^M.*'}}name以M开头</code></div><div class="line number172 index171 alt1"><code class="python comments">$exists属性是否存在{'name': {'$exists': True}}name属性存在</code></div><div class="line number173 index172 alt2"><code class="python comments">$type类型判断{'age': {'$type': 'int'}}age的类型为int</code></div><div class="line number174 index173 alt1"><code class="python comments">$mod数字模操作{'age': {'$mod': }}年龄模5余0</code></div><div class="line number175 index174 alt2"><code class="python comments">$text文本查询{'$text': {'$search': 'Mike'}}text类型的属性中包含Mike字符串</code></div><div class="line number176 index175 alt1"><code class="python comments">$where高级条件查询{'$where': 'obj.fans_count == obj.follows_count'}自身粉丝数等于关注数</code></div><div class="line number177 index176 alt2"><code class="python comments">"""</code></div><div class="line number178 index177 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 这些操作的更详细用法在可以在MongoDB官方文档找到：</code></div><div class="line number179 index178 alt2"><code class="python comments"># https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/</code></div><div class="line number180 index179 alt1"> </div><div class="line number181 index180 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 计数</code></div><div class="line number182 index181 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 要统计查询结果有多少条数据，可以调用count()方法，如统计所有数据条数：</code></div><div class="line number183 index182 alt2"> </div><div class="line number184 index183 alt1"><code class="python plain">count </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find().count()</code></div><div class="line number185 index184 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(count)</code></div><div class="line number186 index185 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 或者统计符合某个条件的数据：</code></div><div class="line number187 index186 alt2"> </div><div class="line number188 index187 alt1"><code class="python plain">count </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find({</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">}).count()</code></div><div class="line number189 index188 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(count)</code></div><div class="line number190 index189 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 排序</code></div><div class="line number191 index190 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 可以调用sort方法，传入排序的字段及升降序标志即可，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number192 index191 alt1"> </div><div class="line number193 index192 alt2"><code class="python plain">results </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find().sort(</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">, pymongo.ASCENDING)</code></div><div class="line number194 index193 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">( </code><code class="python keyword">for</code> <code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">results])</code></div><div class="line number195 index194 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number196 index195 alt1"> </div><div class="line number197 index196 alt2"><code class="python comments"># ['Harden', 'Jordan', 'Kevin', 'Mark', 'Mike']</code></div><div class="line number198 index197 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 偏移,可能想只取某几个元素，在这里可以利用skip()方法偏移几个位置，比如偏移2，就忽略前2个元素，得到第三个及以后的元素。</code></div><div class="line number199 index198 alt2"> </div><div class="line number200 index199 alt1"><code class="python plain">results </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find().sort(</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">, pymongo.ASCENDING).skip(</code><code class="python value">2</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number201 index200 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">( </code><code class="python keyword">for</code> <code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">results])</code></div><div class="line number202 index201 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number203 index202 alt2"><code class="python comments"># ['Kevin', 'Mark', 'Mike']</code></div><div class="line number204 index203 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 另外还可以用limit()方法指定要取的结果个数，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number205 index204 alt2"> </div><div class="line number206 index205 alt1"><code class="python plain">results </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find().sort(</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">, pymongo.ASCENDING).skip(</code><code class="python value">2</code><code class="python plain">).limit(</code><code class="python value">2</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number207 index206 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">( </code><code class="python keyword">for</code> <code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">results])</code></div><div class="line number208 index207 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number209 index208 alt2"><code class="python comments"># ['Kevin', 'Mark']</code></div><div class="line number210 index209 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 如果不加limit()原本会返回三个结果，加了限制之后，会截取2个结果返回。</code></div><div class="line number211 index210 alt2"> </div><div class="line number212 index211 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 值得注意的是，在数据库数量非常庞大的时候，如千万、亿级别，最好不要使用大的偏移量来查询数据，很可能会导致内存溢出，</code></div><div class="line number213 index212 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 可以使用类似find({'_id': {'$gt': ObjectId('593278c815c2602678bb2b8d')}}) 这样的方法来查询，记录好上次查询的_id。</code></div><div class="line number214 index213 alt1"> </div><div class="line number215 index214 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 更新</code></div><div class="line number216 index215 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 对于数据更新可以使用update()方法，指定更新的条件和更新后的数据即可，例如：</code></div><div class="line number217 index216 alt2"> </div><div class="line number218 index217 alt1"><code class="python plain">condition </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Kevin'</code><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number219 index218 alt2"><code class="python plain">student </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find_one(condition)</code></div><div class="line number220 index219 alt1"><code class="python plain">student[</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">] </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python value">25</code></div><div class="line number221 index220 alt2"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.update(condition, student)</code></div><div class="line number222 index221 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number223 index222 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 在这里我们将name为Kevin的数据的年龄进行更新，首先指定查询条件，然后将数据查询出来，修改年龄，</code></div><div class="line number224 index223 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 之后调用update方法将原条件和修改后的数据传入，即可完成数据的更新。</code></div><div class="line number225 index224 alt2"> </div><div class="line number226 index225 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number227 index226 alt2"> </div><div class="line number228 index227 alt1"><code class="python comments"># {'ok': 1, 'nModified': 1, 'n': 1, 'updatedExisting': True}</code></div><div class="line number229 index228 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 返回结果是字典形式，ok即代表执行成功，nModified代表影响的数据条数。</code></div><div class="line number230 index229 alt1"> </div><div class="line number231 index230 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 另外update()方法其实也是官方不推荐使用的方法，在这里也分了update_one()方法和update_many()方法，用法更加严格，</code></div><div class="line number232 index231 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 第二个参数需要使用$类型操作符作为字典的键名，我们用示例感受一下。</code></div><div class="line number233 index232 alt2"> </div><div class="line number234 index233 alt1"><code class="python plain">condition </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Kevin'</code><code class="python plain">}</code></div><div class="line number235 index234 alt2"><code class="python plain">student </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.find_one(condition)</code></div><div class="line number236 index235 alt1"><code class="python plain">student[</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">] </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python value">26</code></div><div class="line number237 index236 alt2"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.update_one(condition, {</code><code class="python string">'$set'</code><code class="python plain">: student})</code></div><div class="line number238 index237 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number239 index238 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result.matched_count, result.modified_count)</code></div><div class="line number240 index239 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 在这里调用了update_one方法，第二个参数不能再直接传入修改后的字典，而是需要使用{'$set': student}这样的形式，</code></div><div class="line number241 index240 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 其返回结果是UpdateResult类型，然后调用matched_count和modified_count属性分别可以获得匹配的数据条数和影响的数据条数。</code></div><div class="line number242 index241 alt1"> </div><div class="line number243 index242 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number244 index243 alt1"><code class="python comments">#</code></div><div class="line number245 index244 alt2"><code class="python comments"># <pymongo.results.UpdateResult object at 0x10d17b678></code></div><div class="line number246 index245 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 1 0</code></div><div class="line number247 index246 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 我们再看一个例子：</code></div><div class="line number248 index247 alt1"> </div><div class="line number249 index248 alt2"><code class="python plain">condition </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: {</code><code class="python string">'$gt'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">}}</code></div><div class="line number250 index249 alt1"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.update_one(condition, {</code><code class="python string">'$inc'</code><code class="python plain">: {</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">1</code><code class="python plain">}})</code></div><div class="line number251 index250 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number252 index251 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result.matched_count, result.modified_count)</code></div><div class="line number253 index252 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 在这里我们指定查询条件为年龄大于20，然后更新条件为{'$inc': {'age': 1}}，执行之后会讲第一条符合条件的数据年龄加1。</code></div><div class="line number254 index253 alt1"> </div><div class="line number255 index254 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number256 index255 alt1"><code class="python comments">#</code></div><div class="line number257 index256 alt2"><code class="python comments"># <pymongo.results.UpdateResult object at 0x10b8874c8></code></div><div class="line number258 index257 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 1 1</code></div><div class="line number259 index258 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 可以看到匹配条数为1条，影响条数也为1条。</code></div><div class="line number260 index259 alt1"> </div><div class="line number261 index260 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 如果调用update_many()方法，则会将所有符合条件的数据都更新，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number262 index261 alt1"> </div><div class="line number263 index262 alt2"><code class="python plain">condition </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">{</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: {</code><code class="python string">'$gt'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">20</code><code class="python plain">}}</code></div><div class="line number264 index263 alt1"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.update_many(condition, {</code><code class="python string">'$inc'</code><code class="python plain">: {</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">1</code><code class="python plain">}})</code></div><div class="line number265 index264 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number266 index265 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result.matched_count, result.modified_count)</code></div><div class="line number267 index266 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 这时候匹配条数就不再为1条了，运行结果如下：</code></div><div class="line number268 index267 alt1"><code class="python comments">#</code></div><div class="line number269 index268 alt2"><code class="python comments"># <pymongo.results.UpdateResult object at 0x10c6384c8></code></div><div class="line number270 index269 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 3 3</code></div><div class="line number271 index270 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 可以看到这时所有匹配到的数据都会被更新。</code></div><div class="line number272 index271 alt1"> </div><div class="line number273 index272 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 删除</code></div><div class="line number274 index273 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 删除操作比较简单，直接调用remove()方法指定删除的条件即可，符合条件的所有数据均会被删除，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number275 index274 alt2"> </div><div class="line number276 index275 alt1"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.remove({</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Kevin'</code><code class="python plain">})</code></div><div class="line number277 index276 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number278 index277 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number279 index278 alt2"><code class="python comments">#</code></div><div class="line number280 index279 alt1"><code class="python comments"># {'ok': 1, 'n': 1}</code></div><div class="line number281 index280 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 另外依然存在两个新的推荐方法，delete_one()和delete_many()方法，示例如下：</code></div><div class="line number282 index281 alt1"> </div><div class="line number283 index282 alt2"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.delete_one({</code><code class="python string">'name'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python string">'Kevin'</code><code class="python plain">})</code></div><div class="line number284 index283 alt1"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result)</code></div><div class="line number285 index284 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result.deleted_count)</code></div><div class="line number286 index285 alt1"><code class="python plain">result </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">collection.delete_many({</code><code class="python string">'age'</code><code class="python plain">: {</code><code class="python string">'$lt'</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python value">25</code><code class="python plain">}})</code></div><div class="line number287 index286 alt2"><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(result.deleted_count)</code></div><div class="line number288 index287 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 运行结果：</code></div><div class="line number289 index288 alt2"> </div><div class="line number290 index289 alt1"><code class="python comments"># <pymongo.results.DeleteResult object at 0x10e6ba4c8></code></div><div class="line number291 index290 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 1</code></div><div class="line number292 index291 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 4</code></div><div class="line number293 index292 alt2"><code class="python comments"># delete_one()即删除第一条符合条件的数据，delete_many()即删除所有符合条件的数据，返回结果是DeleteResult类型，</code></div><div class="line number294 index293 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 可以调用deleted_count属性获取删除的数据条数。</code></div><div class="line number295 index294 alt2"> </div><div class="line number296 index295 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 更多</code></div><div class="line number297 index296 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 另外PyMongo还提供了一些组合方法，如find_one_and_delete()、find_one_and_replace()、find_one_and_update()，</code></div><div class="line number298 index297 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 就是查找后删除、替换、更新操作，用法与上述方法基本一致。</code></div><div class="line number299 index298 alt2"> </div><div class="line number300 index299 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 另外还可以对索引进行操作，如create_index()、create_indexes()、drop_index()等。</code></div><div class="line number301 index300 alt2"> </div><div class="line number302 index301 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 详细用法可以参见官方文档：http://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/pymongo/collection.html</code></div><div class="line number303 index302 alt2"> </div><div class="line number304 index303 alt1"><code class="python comments"># 另外还有对数据库、集合本身以及其他的一些操作，在这不再一一讲解，可以参见</code></div><div class="line number305 index304 alt2"><code class="python comments"># 官方文档：http://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/pymongo/</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>
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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/caiwenjun/p/12024988.html

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