OS + Centos 8 / CentOS 8 Stream / Centos 9 Stream
<p>s</p><p><strong>问题1：# yum install xorg-x11-apps</strong></p>
<p><em id="__mceDel">CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream 93 B/s | 38 B 00:00 <br><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)">Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist</span></em></p>
<p>解决1：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43252521/article/details/124409151</p>
<p>2020 年 12 月 8 号，CentOS 官方宣布了停止维护 CentOS Linux 的计划，并推出了 CentOS Stream 项目，CentOS Linux 8 作为 RHEL 8 的复刻版本，生命周期缩短，于 2021 年 12 月 31 日停止更新并停止维护（EOL），更多的信息可以查看 CentOS 官方公告。如果需要更新 CentOS，需要将镜像从 mirror.centos.org 更改为 vault.centos.org</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">sed</span> -i <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">s/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span> /etc/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">yum</span>.repos.d/CentOS-*<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">
# </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">sed</span> -i <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">s|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span> /etc/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">yum</span>.repos.d/CentOS-*</pre>
</div>
<p><strong>CentOS-Stream-9-latest-x86_64-dvd1.iso</strong></p>
<p>https://ftp-chi.osuosl.org/pub/centos-stream/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/iso/CentOS-Stream-9-latest-x86_64-dvd1.iso</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>centos8 stream 开启web console控制台页面</strong></p>
<p>ctivate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket</p>
<p>Last login: Wed Sep 8 05:00:12 2021 from 112.80.230.67<br>cd /var/log/sssd<br># cd /var/log/sssd<br># systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket<br>Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>http://mirrors.njupt.edu.cn/centos/8.4.2105/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8.4.2105-x86_64-dvd1.iso</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Question 3: Centos 8 Stream yum exception</strong></p>
<p>Answer 3:</p>
<p><strong>CentOS 8 / CentOS Stream 换源，设置dnf / yum镜像</strong></p>
<p>https://www.cnblogs.com/wswind/p/11751829.html</p>
<h2 id="aliyun镜像">aliyun镜像#</h2>
<p>2021-5-18 add:<br>
阿里云镜像的帮助站点挂了很久了，一直提示正在升级。但是目前仅影响帮助页面，实际的地址还是可以用的。本教程中mirrors.aliyun.com地址也可替换为其他镜像源地址，一般来说区别不大，如：mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
/ repo.huaweicloud.com<br>
官方教程如下，注意此处下载的不是Stream版本的repo</p>
<p> </p>
<p>问题2：cents 8 设置时间同步服务器，NTP不支持，仅支持chronyd</p>
<p>解决2：chronyd.conf 文件尾部添加如下内容</p>
<p># vim /etc/chronyd.conf</p>
<p>server 10.27.126.249</p>
<p># systemctl restart chronyd</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><strong>问题1：Centos8 开机后显示 Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socke</strong></strong></p>
<p><strong>解决1：CentOS8 系统自带Web Console功能，可以通过浏览器管理主机。</strong></p>
<p>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_72ffeed50102ycv6.html</p>
<p>https://www.cnblogs.com/lindows/p/11167217.html</p>
<p>https://www.cnblogs.com/ttrrpp/p/12109408.html</p>
<p># <strong>systemctl start cockpit.socket</strong> # 运行Cockpit服务</p>
<p># <strong>systemctl enable –now cockpit.socket</strong> # 启动该服务，随系统启动一同启动<br># <strong>systemctl status cockpit.socket</strong></p>
<p># <strong>systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket</strong><br>Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket.<br>#<strong> ll /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket</strong><br>lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Feb8 10:14 /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket</p>
<p>然后在浏览器中访问地址：http://主机地址:9090 ，即可进入控制台。<br></p>
<p><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/325549/202102/325549-20210208103657023-373498573.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>问题2 ：Centos 8 重回图形界面方法</strong></p>
<p><strong>解决2：</strong><br># <strong>systemctl get-default</strong></p>
<p>graphical.target</p>
<p>运行下面两个命令后，再重启就ok了！重启系统进入图形化桌面<br># yum grouplist<br># yum groupinstall -y "Server with GUI"</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>CentOS 8 U盘安装及Installation Source报错和ssh报错的解决方法</strong></p>
<p>https://www.jianshu.com/p/60f7750a97d5</p>
<p>问题1：使用 UltraISO 制作启动盘时，Centos8 Stream在安装界面容易产生 Installation Source 的报错问题，</p>
<p>解决1：使用 win32diskimager 制作启动盘。</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/8-stream/isos/x86_64/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-20201211-dvd1.iso</p>
<p>http://mirrors.163.com/centos/8-stream/isos/x86_64/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-20201211-dvd1.iso</p>
<p>http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/8.3.2011/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8.3.2011-x86_64-dvd1.iso</p>
<p> </p>
<p>http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/8/isos/x86_64/</p>
<div class="alert alert-success">The following mirrors in your region should have the ISO images available:</div>
<p>http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.njupt.edu.cn/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/CentOS/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.163.com/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.cn99.com/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/<br>http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/</p>
<h2>CentOS 8和7版本对比</h2>
<p> </p>
<table class="table table-bordered table-options">
<thead>
<tr><th scope="col">功能</th><th scope="col">CentOS 8</th><th scope="col">CentOS 7</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><th scope="row">内核版本</th>
<td>4.18.0-x</td>
<td>3.10.0-x</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">文件系统</th>
<td>XFS</td>
<td>XFS</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">时间同步</th>
<td>只支持Chronyd</td>
<td>支持NTP和Chronyd</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">文件大小</th>
<td>8EB</td>
<td>500TB</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">文件系统大小</th>
<td>1PB</td>
<td>500TB</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">包管理工具</th>
<td>DNF（YUM v4）</td>
<td>YUM（YUM v3）</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">最大内存</th>
<td>24TB</td>
<td>12TB</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">防火墙</th>
<td>nftables取代iptables</td>
<td>firewalld底层使用iptables</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">支持架构</th>
<td>支持64-bit ARM</td>
<td>不支持64-bit ARM</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">网络管理</th>
<td>默认安装Cockpit</td>
<td>无默认安装</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">CPU日志</th>
<td>CPU日志记录在journald进程中</td>
<td>CPU相关日志位于/var/log/cups目录</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">发布时间</th>
<td>2019-09-24</td>
<td>2014-07-07</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">完整更新</th>
<td>2024-05-01</td>
<td>2020-08-06</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">支持IPv6</th>
<td>支持</td>
<td>Ready Logo Phase 2</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">Git</th>
<td>2.18</td>
<td>1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">GCC</th>
<td>8.2.1</td>
<td>4.8.5</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">Python</th>
<td>3.6.6</td>
<td>2.7.5</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">Glibc</th>
<td>2.28</td>
<td>2.17</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">Boost</th>
<td>1.66</td>
<td>1.53</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">LLVM/Clang</th>
<td>6.0</td>
<td>5.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>d</p>
<p><span style="color: rgba(255, 102, 0, 1)"><strong>Linux查看硬件信息命令</strong></span></p>
<p><strong>一、查看服务器硬件信息</strong></p>
<p>（1）查看服务器型号、序列号</p>
<p># dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep "Manufacturer|Product|Serial"<strong> <br></strong></p>
<p><strong><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1121174/201802/1121174-20180205101645216-1465909505.png"></strong></p>
<p> （2）查看主板型号<br># dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$" <br><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1121174/201802/1121174-20180205122329279-255997038.png"></p>
<p> （3）查看BIOS信息</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
<pre># dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.8 present.
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: HP
Version: U19
Release Date: 12/27/2015
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 16384 kB
Characteristics:
PCI is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
UEFI is supported
BIOS Revision: 2.0
Firmware Revision: 2.40</pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<p> （3）查看内存槽及内存条</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
<pre># dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -23
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x000A
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16384 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
Speed: 2133 MHz
Manufacturer: HP
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: 752369-081
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz
Minimum Voltage:1.2 V
Maximum Voltage:1.2 V
Configured Voltage:1.2 V
#</pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<p> （4）查看网卡信息</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
<pre># dmesg | grep -i Ethernet
igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver - version 5.3.0-k
igb 0000:04:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:04:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:04:00.2: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:04:00.3: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:02:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:02:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection </pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<p>（5） 查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
<pre># lspci | head -10
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 02)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02)
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:02.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:02.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:02.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
00:03.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
00:03.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)</pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>二<strong>、查看CPU信息<br></strong></p>
<p>（1）查看cpu型号</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
40Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz</pre>
</div>
<p>（2）查看系统中实际物理CPU的数量（物理）</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l
2</pre>
</div>
<p>（3）系统中实际物理CPU的数量（核数）</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'processor'|wc -l
40</pre>
</div>
<p> （4）查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
cpu cores : 10</pre>
</div>
<p>（5）查看CPU的主频</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq
cpu MHz : 1200.000
cpu MHz : 2300.000
cpu MHz : 1200.000</pre>
</div>
<p>（6）查看CPU的详细信息</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
<pre># cat /proc/cpuinfo | head -20
processor : 0 //逻辑处理器的ID
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz //CPU型号
stepping : 2
microcode : 54
cpu MHz : 1200.000
cache size : 25600 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 20 //相同物理封装处理器中逻辑处理器数
core id : 0
cpu cores : 10 //相同物理封装处理器中的内核数
apicid : 0
initial apicid: 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 15
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc</pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<p> （7）查看CPU的相关信息</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
<pre># lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 40
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-39
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 10
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 2
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 63
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz
Stepping: 2
CPU MHz: 1200.000
BogoMIPS: 4594.43
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 25600K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-9,20-29
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 10-19,30-39
# </pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<p> （8）查看cpu运行模式</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># getconf LONG_BIT
64</pre>
</div>
<p> （9）查看cpu是否支持64bit</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>#cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
40
(结果大于0, 说明支持64bit计算. lm指long mode, 支持lm则是64bit)</pre>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>三<strong>、查看内存信息<br></strong>（1）查看内存硬件信息</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
<pre>root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -24
Handle 0x000C, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x000A
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16384 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
Speed: 2133 MHz
Manufacturer: HP
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: 752369-081
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz
Minimum Voltage:1.2 V
Maximum Voltage:1.2 V
Configured Voltage:1.2 V</pre>
<div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><img src="https://common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif"></span></div>
</div>
<p> （2）最大支持多少内存<br># dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximum\s+Capacity'<br><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1121174/201802/1121174-20180205124358951-360746286.png"></p>
<p> （3）Linux 查看内存的插槽数,已经使用多少插槽.每条内存多大：<br><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1121174/201802/1121174-20180205124522935-887718013.png"></p>
<p> （4）Linux 查看内存的频率：<br># dmidecode|grep -A16 "Memory Device"|grep 'Speed'</p>
<p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1121174/201802/1121174-20180205124724295-289044696.png"></p>
<p> （5）Linux 查看内存的详细信息：</p>
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<pre># cat /proc/meminfo |head -20
MemTotal: 131897620 kB
MemFree: 414124 kB
Buffers: 1040560 kB
Cached: 111083180 kB
SwapCached: 1320 kB
Active: 7637912 kB
Inactive: 110607108 kB
Active(anon): 4406900 kB
Inactive(anon):1714900 kB
Active(file): 3231012 kB
Inactive(file): 108892208 kB
Unevictable: 10878976 kB
Mlocked: 5521652 kB
SwapTotal: 16777212 kB
SwapFree: 16737536 kB
Dirty: 180 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 16999324 kB
Mapped: 149020 kB
Shmem: 172 kB</pre>
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<p>（6）Linux 查看内存的使用情况</p>
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<pre># free -m // -b,-k,-m,-g show output in bytes, KB, MB, or GB
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 128806 123407 5398 0 1015 103474
-/+ buffers/cache: 18918 109888
Swap: 16383 38 16345</pre>
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<p> </p>
<p> <strong>四、查看硬盘信息<br></strong>（1）查看挂接的分区状态<br># fdisk -l |grep Disk<br><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1121174/201802/1121174-20180205130727873-76807497.png"></p>
<p>（2）查看硬盘和分区分布</p>
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<pre># lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 279.4G0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 50M0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G0 part /home
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 16G0 part
├─sda6 8:6 013.3G0 part /tmp
└─sda7 8:7 0 100G0 part /usr
sdb 8:16 083.7T0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 083.7T0 part /PureDisk</pre>
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<p> （3）查看硬盘和分区的详细信息</p>
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<pre># fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 300.0 GB, 299966445568 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36468 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000384d9
Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem
/dev/sda1 * 1 7 51200 83Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 7 13061 104857600 83Linux
/dev/sda3 13061 19588 52428800 83Linux
/dev/sda4 19588 36469 135597056 5Extended
/dev/sda5 19588 21677 16777216 82Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 21677 23415 13962240 83Linux
/dev/sda7 23416 36469 104854528 83Linux
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sdb: 92017.3 GB, 92017310654464 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11187134 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 6029312 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem
/dev/sdb1 1 2673502147483647+eeGPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.</pre>
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<p> （4）查看挂接的分区状态</p>
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<pre># mount | column -t
/dev/sda2on/ typeext4 (rw)
proc on/proc typeproc (rw)
sysfs on/sys typesysfs (rw)
devpts on/dev/pts typedevpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on/dev/shm typetmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1on/boot typeext4 (rw)
/dev/sda3on/home typeext4 (rw)
/dev/sda6on/tmp typeext4 (rw)
/dev/sda7on/usr typeext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb1on/PureDisk typeext4 (rw)
none on/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misctypebinfmt_misc(rw</pre>
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<p> （5）查看挂接的分区状态</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda5 partition 16777212 39676 -1</pre>
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<p> （6）查看硬盘使用情况</p>
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<pre># df -hT
Filesystem Type SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 ext4 99G561M 93G 1% /
tmpfs tmpfs 63G 76K 63G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 45M 38M4.9M89% /boot
/dev/sda3 ext4 50G 52M 47G 1% /home
/dev/sda6 ext4 13G 34M 13G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda7 ext4 99G 21G 73G23% /usr
/dev/sdb1 ext4 84T 41T 40T51% /PureDisk</pre>
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<p> （7） 硬盘检测命令smartctl</p>
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<pre># smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
Vendor: HP
Product: LOGICAL VOLUME
Revision: 3.56
User Capacity: 299,966,445,568 bytes
Logical block size: 512 bytes
Logical Unit id: 0x600508b1001cc8a1b9ec4dacc5ab35dc
Serial number: PDNNK0BRH9U0AG
Device type: disk
Local Time is: Mon Feb5 13:13:33 2018 CST
Device supports SMART and is Enabled
Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported
SMART Health Status: OK
Error Counter logging not supported
Device does not support Self Test logging</pre>
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<p> </p>
<p><strong>五、查看网卡信息<br></strong></p>
<p>（1)查看网卡硬件信息<br># lspci | grep -i 'eth'<br><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1121174/201802/1121174-20180205132316029-133877174.png"></p>
<p> (2)查看系统的所有网络接口</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre># ifconfig -a
# ip link show</pre>
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<p> (3)查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标</p>
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<pre># ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ FIBRE ]
Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: No
Advertised link modes:10000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 10000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: FIBRE
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: external
Auto-negotiation: off
Supports Wake-on: d
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
drv probe link
Link detected: yes</pre>
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<p> (4)查看所有网卡的链路状态</p>
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<pre># for i in `seq 0 9`;do ethtool eth${i} | egrep 'eth|Link';done
Settings for eth0:
Link detected: yes
Settings for eth1:
Link detected: yes
Settings for eth2:
Link detected: no
Settings for eth3:
Link detected: no
Settings for eth4:
Link detected: no
Settings for eth5:
Link detected: no
Settings for eth6:
Link detected: no
Settings for eth7:
Link detected: no
Settings for eth8:
Link detected: no
Settings for eth9:
Link detected: no</pre>
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<p> </p>
<p> <strong>六、列出所有PCI设备信息<br></strong></p>
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<pre># lspci -tv | more
-+--+-08.0Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0
| +-08.3Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0
| +-09.0Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1
| +-09.3Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1
| +-0b.0Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
| +-0b.1Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
| +-0b.2Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
| +-0c.0Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0c.1Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0c.2Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0c.3Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0c.4Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0c.5Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0c.6Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0c.7Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0d.0Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0d.1Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
| +-0f.0Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent
| +-0f.1Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent
| +-0f.2Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent
| +-0f.3Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent</pre>
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<p> </p>
<p>end</p>
<p>CentOS 8 U盘安装及Installation Source报错和ssh报错的解决方法</p>
<p>chronyd.conf</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/lindows/p/13470545.html
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