Centos 8升级内核版本
<p>文章目录<br>1. 查看当前内核版本<br>2. 使用ELRepo仓库<br>3. 安装最新版内核<br>4. 设置以新的内核启动<br>5. 生成grub配置文件并重启系统<br>6. 验证新内核<br>7. 查看系统中已安装的内核<br>8. 删除旧内核<br>9. 参考文献<br>1. 查看当前内核版本<br>使用的系统版本,当前日期CentOS最新版:</p><div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> $ cat /etc/redhat-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">release
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> CentOS Linux release <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">8.2</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">2004</span> (Core)</pre>
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<p>查看当前系统内核版本:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>$ uname -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">r
</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span>.el8_2.x86_64</pre>
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<p>当前日期 Linux 的内核很多都 5.x,各方面考虑还是有必要升级一下的,内核可以从这里直接下载:https://www.kernel.org/</p>
<p><br>2. 使用ELRepo仓库<br>这里使用ELRepo仓库,ELRepo 仓库是基于社区的用于企业级 Linux 仓库,提供对 RedHat Enterprise(RHEL)和其他基于 RHEL的 Linux 发行版(CentOS、Scientific、Fedora 等)的支持。ELRepo 聚焦于和硬件相关的软件包,包括文件系统驱动、显卡驱动、网络驱动、声卡驱动和摄像头驱动等。网址:http://elrepo.org/tiki/tiki-index.php :</p>
<p>导入ELRepo仓库的公共密钥:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>$ rpm --import https:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org</span></pre>
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<p>安装ELRepo仓库的yum源:</p>
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<pre>$ yum install https:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm</span></pre>
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<p>可用的系统内核安装包:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 1</span> $ yum --disablerepo=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">*</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span> --enablerepo=<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">elrepo-kernel</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> list available
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 2</span> bpftool.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 3</span> kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 4</span> kernel-ml-doc.noarch <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 5</span> kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 6</span> kernel-ml-modules-extra.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 7</span> kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 8</span> kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 9</span> kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">10</span> perf.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">11</span> python3-perf.x86_64 <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel</pre>
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<p>3. 安装最新版内核</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> $ yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml</pre>
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<p>4. 设置以新的内核启动<br>0 表示最新安装的内核,设置为 0 表示以新版本内核启动:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>$ grub2-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">set</span>-<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">default</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span></pre>
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<p>以后不需要第5步,直接使用这条指定不同数字设置不同内核版本启动。</p>
<p>5. 生成grub配置文件并重启系统</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> $ grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">grub.cfg
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> $ reboot</pre>
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<p>这一步可以不用执行生成grub配置的命令,直接重启!</p>
<p>6. 验证新内核</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> $ uname -<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">r
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo.x86_64</pre>
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<p>这个版本就是本文第一张截图中稳定版 v5.7.7</p>
<p>7. 查看系统中已安装的内核<br>可以看到这里一共安装了3个版本的内核,分别是 v4.18.0-193.6.3 和 v4.18.0-147.5.1以及 v5.7.7-1。</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 1</span> $ rpm -qa |<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> grep kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 2</span> kernel-core-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_2.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 3</span> kernel-modules-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">147.5</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_1.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 4</span> kernel-ml-modules-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8.elrepo.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 5</span> kernel-devel-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">147.5</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_1.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 6</span> kernel-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">80</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 7</span> kernel-tools-libs-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_2.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 8</span> kernel-core-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">80</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 9</span> kernel-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">147.5</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_1.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">10</span> kernel-modules-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">80</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">11</span> kernel-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_2.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">12</span> kernel-tools-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_2.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">13</span> kernel-ml-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8.elrepo.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">14</span> kernel-headers-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_2.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">15</span> kernel-core-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">147.5</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_1.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">16</span> kernel-devel-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_2.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">17</span> kernel-modules-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">193.6</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">3</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8_2.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">18</span> kernel-ml-core-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo.x86_64</pre>
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<p>8. 删除旧内核<br>删除旧内核,这一步是可选的。</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>$ yum remove kernel-core-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> kernel-devel-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> kernel-tools-libs-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span> kernel-headers-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">4.18</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">0</span></pre>
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<p>再查看系统已安装的内核,确认旧内核版本已经全部删除:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> $ rpm -qa |<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> grep kernel
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> kernel-ml-modules-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8.elrepo.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">3</span> kernel-ml-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.el8.elrepo.x86_64
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">4</span> kernel-ml-core-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">5.7</span>.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">7</span>-<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">1</span>.el8.elrepo.x86_64</pre>
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<p>也可以安装 yum-utils 工具,当系统安装的内核大于3个时,会自动删除旧的内核版本:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> $ yum install yum-utils</pre>
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<p>删除旧的版本使用 package-cleanup 命令。</p>
<p>9. 参考文献</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> ELRepo官网:http:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">elrepo.org/tiki/index.php</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> Centos7升级内核版本:https:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">www.cnblogs.com/xzkzzz/p/9627658.html</span></pre>
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<p> </p>
<p><br>————————————————<br>版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「Erics-1996」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。<br>原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Thanlon/java/article/details/107193301</p><br><br>
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/yanglang/p/13282202.html
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