C# 玩转MongoDB（一）

传递正能量 發表於 2021-10-7 18:33:00

随着NoSQL的应用越来越广泛，很多面试都需要熟悉了解NoSQL【如：Redis，MongoDB等】，本文以一个简单的小例子，简述如何通过C#来操作MongoDB，进行数据的读写操作，仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。
<h2>涉及知识点</h2>
<ul>
<li>MongoDB的基础知识，CRUD(增删改查)等【关于MongoDB的基础知识，如果不太了解的，可参考前面几篇博文】。</li>
<li>C#面向对象基础知识，WinForm基础编程。</li>
</ul>
<h2>MongoDB驱动安装</h2>
项目--右键--管理Nuget程序包--打卡Nuget包管理器--浏览搜索MongoDB.Driver--安装。如下所示：
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1068941/202110/1068941-20211006174035273-2137169117.png">
<h2>示例截图</h2>
示例虽小，实现了查询，条件查询，明细显示，新增等功能，如下所示：
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1068941/202110/1068941-20211007181159782-272998553.png">
 
 新增功能
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1068941/202110/1068941-20211007181404093-608546175.png">
 
<h2>C#操作MongoDB步骤</h2>
 其实关于数据库的操作步骤，基本上大同小异，如下所示：
<ol>
<li>连接服务，得到客户端</li>
<li>获取要使用的数据库</li>
<li>获取操作的集合</li>
<li>执行命令</li>
</ol>
<h2>核心源码</h2>
为了代码的公用，本例对MongoDB的操作代码进行了封装，如下所示：
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
6 using MongoDB.Driver;
7 using MongoDB.Bson;
8 using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization;
9 using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
 10
 11 namespace DemoMongo.Common
 12 {
 13 /// <summary>
 14 /// Mongo帮助类
 15 /// </summary>
 16 public class MongoHelper<T>
 17 {
 18 private string connStr = "";//服务器网址
 19
 20 private string dbName = "";//数据库名称
 21
 22 private IMongoClient client;//连接客户端
 23
 24 private IMongoDatabase db;//连接数据库
 25
 26 private string collName ;//集合名称
 27
 28 public MongoHelper() {
 29
 30 }
 31
 32 public MongoHelper(string connStr,string dbName,string collName) {
 33 this.connStr = connStr;
 34 this.dbName = dbName;
 35 this.collName = collName;
 36 this.Init();
 37 }
 38
 39 /// <summary>
 40 /// 初始化连接客户端
 41 /// </summary>
 42 private void Init()
 43 {
 44 if (client == null)
 45 {
 46 client = new MongoClient(this.connStr);
 47 }
 48 if (db == null) {
 49 db = client.GetDatabase(this.dbName);
 50 }
 51 }
 52
 53 /// <summary>
 54 /// 插入对象
 55 /// </summary>
 56 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
 57 /// <param name="obj"></param>
 58 public void Insert(T obj)
 59 {
 60 IMongoCollection<T> collention = db.GetCollection<T>(collName);
 61 collention.InsertOneAsync(obj);
 62 }
 63
 64 /// <summary>
 65 /// 字典形式插入
 66 /// </summary>
 67 /// <param name="dicInfo"></param>
 68 public void Insert(Dictionary<string,string> dicInfo)
 69 {
 70 var collection = db.GetCollection<BsonDocument>(collName);
 71 var document = new BsonDocument(dicInfo);
 72 collection.InsertOne(document);
 73 }
 74
 75 /// <summary>
 76 /// 无条件查询，即返回全部
 77 /// </summary>
 78 /// <returns></returns>
 79 public List<T> Query() {
 80 var collection = db.GetCollection<BsonDocument>(collName);
 81 var rest =collection.Find(Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Empty);
 82 return rest.As<T>().ToList();
 83 }
 84
 85 /// <summary>
 86 /// 按名称进行查询
 87 /// </summary>
 88 /// <param name="name"></param>
 89 /// <returns></returns>
 90 public List<T> Query(object name) {
 91 var collection = db.GetCollection<T>(collName);
 92 var rest = collection.Find(Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("name",name));
 93 return rest.As<T>().ToList();
 94 }
 95
 96
 97 /// <summary>
 98 /// 只查询一条
 99 /// </summary>
100 /// <param name="Id"></param>
101 /// <returns></returns>
102 public string QueryOne(string Id) {
103 var collection = db.GetCollection<T>(collName);
104 var rest = collection.Find(Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("Id",new ObjectId(Id))).Limit(1);
105
106 T t = rest.As<T>().ToList()[0];
107 JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
108 string strJson = jserializer.Serialize(t);
109 return strJson;
110 }
111 }
112 }</pre>
</div>
代码调用
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 using System.Configuration;
 5 using System.Data;
 6 using System.Drawing;
 7 using System.IO;
 8 using System.Linq;
 9 using System.Text;
10 using System.Threading.Tasks;
11 using System.Windows.Forms;
12 using DemoMongo.Common;
13
14 namespace DemoMongo
15 {
16 public partial class FrmMain : Form
17 {
18 private MongoHelper<Student> helper;
19
20 public FrmMain()
21 {
22 InitializeComponent();
23 string connStr = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["connStr"];
24 string dbName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["dbName"];
25 string collName = "student";
26 helper = new MongoHelper<Student>(connStr,dbName,collName);
27
28 }
29
30 private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
31 {
32 List<Student> list = helper.Query();
33 this.dgView.AutoGenerateColumns = false;
34 this.bsView.DataSource = list;
35 this.dgView.DataSource = bsView;
36 }
37
38 private void btnQuery_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
39 {
40 string name = this.txtName.Text.Trim();
41
42 List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
43 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
44 {
45 list = helper.Query();
46 }
47 else {
48 //注意：此处姓名在MongoDB中存储的数据类型不是固定的，可能是字符串也可能是整数，所以需要判断，否则查询不出来
49 int name1 = 0;
50 if (int.TryParse(name, out name1))
51 {
52 list = helper.Query(name1);
53 }
54 else {
55 list = helper.Query(name);
56 }
57
58 }
59 this.dgView.AutoGenerateColumns = false;
60 this.bsView.DataSource = list;
61 this.dgView.DataSource = bsView;
62 }
63
64 private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
65 {
66 FrmAdd add = new FrmAdd(this.helper);
67 add.ShowDialog();
68 btnQuery_Click(sender, e);
69 }
70
71 private void dgView_CellClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
72 {
73 //只有当第0列被点击时才生效
74 if (e.ColumnIndex == 0)
75 {
76 string id = ((Student)dgView.CurrentRow.DataBoundItem).Id.ToString();
77 string student = helper.QueryOne(id);
78 this.txtContent.Text = JsonHelper.ConvertJsonString(student);
79 }
80 }
81
82 }
83 }</pre>
</div>
以上就是C#对于MongoDB的基础操作，旨在抛砖引玉，共同进步。
<h2>备注</h2>
踏莎行·候馆梅残
<div class="poem-detail-header-info">【作者】欧阳修 【朝代】宋
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候馆梅残，溪桥柳细。草薰风暖摇征辔。离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水。
寸寸柔肠，盈盈粉泪。楼高莫近危阑倚。平芜尽处是春山，行人更在春山外。
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C# 玩转MongoDB（一）