Python For Mac 开发环境安装以及问题记录

元灮發表於 2019-7-6 10:55:00

Python For Mac 开发环境安装以及问题记录

<h2 id="python-for-mac-开发环境安装记录">Python For Mac 开发环境安装记录</h2>
<h2 id="把自己安装的过程记录一下亲测可用">把自己安装的过程记录一下，亲测可用</h2>
<h2 id="1python3环境安装转载httpwwwcnblogscommeng1314-shuaip9031686html">1.Python3环境安装（转载http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html）</h2>
前言：mac系统自带python，不过以当前mac系统的最新版本为例，自带的python版本都是2.版本，虽然不影响老版本项目的运行，但是python最新的3.版本的一些语法与2.*版本并不相同，网上的教程大神们也肯定都更新出了最新版的教程，我们不论是学习还是使用，当然用最新版会更好一点。
转载请注明出处http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html
1、在安装最新版Python3.*之前，我们先熟悉一下系统自带的python。
　 Mac系统自带python路径为<code>／System／Library／Frameworks／Python.framework/Version,我们先来打开目录看一下：</code>
<pre><code>open /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions
</code></pre>
<img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/965467/201805/965467-20180513110052954-959819826.png" alt="img" loading="lazy">
我们看到这里有多个python版本，而在Current目录下存放的是系统当前的python版本。
mac既然自带了python，当然肯定配置好了python的全局命令，我们直接在终端运行：
<pre><code>python
</code></pre>
<img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/965467/201805/965467-20180513110559835-1223064386.png" alt="img" loading="lazy">
运行正常。到这里也差不多对mac系统自带的python有所了解，接下来我们开始安装最新版本的python。
2、开始安装(这里我们使用神器homebrew，还不熟悉此神器的小伙伴请自行百度，也可点击链接直接前往下载)
安装前先搜索一下是否已经存在python3的包：
<pre><code>brew search python3
</code></pre>
<img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/965467/201805/965467-20180513111620950-1983879500.png" alt="img" loading="lazy">
已经存在，我们可以直接安装了：
<pre><code>brew install python3
</code></pre>
==> Auto-updated Homebrew!
Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core).
==> Updated Formulae
angular-cli fluent-bit links postgresql@9.6texmath
byacc fn mlt qcachegrind tile38
caddy ipython osrm-backend rhino wtf
cfitsio ipython@5 postgresql siril
cfssl libpq postgresql@9.4sundials
dnscrypt-proxylibpqxx postgresql@9.5synfig
==> **Installing dependencies for python: sphinx-doc, gdbm, openssl, sqlite, **xz
==> **Installing python dependency: **sphinx-doc
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierr
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this formula is mainly used internally by other formulae.
Users are advised to use <code>pip</code> to install sphinx-doc.
If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sphinx-doc/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
==> Summary
🍺/usr/local/Cellar/sphinx-doc/1.7.4: 2,642 files, 36.8MB
==> **Installing python dependency: **gdbm
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.b
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
🍺/usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.14.1_1: 20 files, 555.7KB
==> **Installing python dependency: **openssl
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierr
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
and run
/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.
If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
For compilers to find this software you may need to set:
 LDFLAGS:-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
 CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig
==> Summary
🍺/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2o_1: 1,791 files, 12.3MB
==> **Installing python dependency: **sqlite
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.b
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS provides an older sqlite3.
If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
For compilers to find this software you may need to set:
 LDFLAGS:-L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib
 CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include
For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib/pkgconfig
==> Summary
🍺/usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.23.1: 11 files, 3MB
==> **Installing python dependency: **xz
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
🍺/usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.4: 92 files, 1MB
==> **Installing **python
Warning: Building python from source:
The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed.
You can install them, if desired, with:
 xcode-select --install
==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5 --enable-ipv6 --dataroot
==> make
==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5
==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/sha
==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/e8/2340d46ecadb1692a1
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5d/c1/45947333669b31bc6b
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> make html
Error: An unexpected error occurred during the <code>brew link</code> step
The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks
Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks
所有的包都下载完毕，但是我们却发现最后报了两条错误，大概意思是公式已经建立，但是在创建连接的时候因为没有权限而发生意外错误。在报错信息里我们看到一个目录/usr/local/Frameworks，我们先去找一下这个目录：
<pre><code>open /usr/local/Frameworks
</code></pre>
发现这个目录竟然不存在，那我们就来手动创建一个：
<pre><code>sudo mkdir /usr/local/Frameworks
</code></pre>
创建好目录之后，再来解决权限问题：
<pre><code>sudo chown $(whoami):admin /usr/local/Frameworks
</code></pre>
不报错即为修改成功，修改好权限之后，还需要手动执行一下安装时未完成的创建连接：
<pre><code>brew link python3
</code></pre>
<img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/965467/201805/965467-20180513113501147-22800075.png" alt="img" loading="lazy">
连接成功。咱们来查看一下当前系统下的python3的信息：
<pre><code>brew info python3
</code></pre>
<img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/965467/201805/965467-20180513113919703-388127880.png" alt="img" loading="lazy">
发现python3被安装到了/usr/local/bin/python3目录下，有兴趣的小伙伴自行前往查看想过配置文件。
到这里python3的安装就算完成了，不过可能有小伙伴已经发现，不管是在终端运行python -V查看版本号还是直接运行python启动python命令行模式，默认的python版本还是系统自带的2.版本。其实这时候只运行命令时需要把python改为python3就行了，当然，有兴趣的小伙伴也可以尝试配置一下默认版本，把当前系统的默认版本修改为3.版本。知乎上已经贴出了各种各样的方法，我这里就不多做赘述了。
<h2 id="2让mac-默认使用python3转载httpswwwcnblogscomwangjiale1024p10705868html">2.让Mac 默认使用Python3（转载https://www.cnblogs.com/wangjiale1024/p/10705868.html）</h2>
mac一般自带python2.7
可以修改 ~/.bash_profile （具体的path取决于你的python3安装路径）：
<pre><code> vi ~/.bash_profile
# 添加这一行
alias python="/usr/local/bin/python3"
source ~/.bash_profile
</code></pre>
<h2 id="3ide安装-python-ide-for-mac--pycharm转载-">3.IDE安装 python IDE for MacPyCharm（转载）</h2>
<h3 id="httpsblogcsdnnetu014044812articledetails86679150">https://blog.csdn.net/u014044812/article/details/86679150</h3>
<h3 id="这个内容不好贴成markdown就不贴了亲测有效可破解永久激活">这个内容不好贴成markdown就不贴了。亲测有效，可破解永久激活</h3>
<hr>
<h1 id="问题纪要">问题纪要</h1>
<h2 id="发现安装的python3-竟然没有pip3">发现安装的python3 竟然没有pip3。</h2>
<h3 id="于是卸载了-brew-remove-python3">于是卸载了 brew remove python3</h3>
<h3 id="重装-brew-install-python3">重装 brew install python3</h3>
<h3 id="问题一">问题一</h3>
Error: Xcode alone is not sufficient on Sierra. 
Install the Command Line Tools: 
xcode-select —install
执行xcode-select —install 命令安装最新的CLT解决
问题二
Running Homebrew as root is extremely dangerous and no longer supported.
MAC /usr/local 文件夹权限问题
修改文件夹权限
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/ 
如果失败提示Operation not permitted 或其他权限不足，则需要关闭Rootless 
Rootless 苹果从 OS X El Capitan 10.11 系统开始使用了 Rootless 机制，系统默认将会锁定 /system、/sbin、/usr 这三个目录。用户要获取这三个目录的写权限，需要关闭Rootless 
关闭Rootless
<ul>
<li>重启 Mac</li>
<li>开机时后按下 Command+R，进入恢复模式。</li>
<li>在上面的菜单实用工具中找到并打开 Terminal</li>
<li>输入如下命令： 
csrutil disable</li>
<li>重启MAC，正常进入系统，此时已经可以给/system、/sbin、/usr 者几个目录进行权限更改</li>
<li>打开 Terminal</li>
<li>输入如下命令： 
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="_"></h3> 
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiongwj0910/p/11141949.html

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Python For Mac 开发环境安装 以及问题记录

Python For Mac 开发环境安装以及问题记录