饶毅 發表於 2021-8-1 16:20:00

Android开发在Activity外申请权限调用相机打开相册

<p><span style="font-size: 18pt">问题描述:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt">  <span style="font-size: 15px">最近在项目中遇到一个需要调用相册和打开相机的需求,但是,在Android 6.0以后,调用相册属于危险权限,需要开发者动态获取,这就意味着我们申请权限是与Activity绑定的,但如果一个App中需要多个地方请求打开相册,那我们要每个地方都要写一遍打开相册的程序吗(当然你可以Ctrl c v),但是,这对于任何一个有追求的程序员来说,都是不恰当的,所以我们要定义一个公共接口,做到在任何一个需要调用打开相册的地方随时调用,增加了代码的复用性。好记性不如烂笔头,把这个过程记录下来,let's go!!</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt">解决思路:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14px">  既然申请权限是与Activity绑定的,那么我们就创建一个的Activity专门用于完成打开相册/相机,申请权限的任务,当其它Activity需要用到这个功能时,直接跳转到这个Activity,完成任务后,再返回照片的真实路径就行了,Ok,思路有了,话不多说,直接撸码。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14px">1. 首先创建一个Activity专门用于申请权限和打开相册相机的功能,这里我命名为&nbsp;</span>SelectImageActivity</p>
<p>打开相机的程序如下:第一个方法是打开相机,第二个方法是创建一个图片文件,这种写法是Android官方写法,这里定义了一个&nbsp;currentPhotoPath 用来保存图片的路径,后面需要返回给调用它的ativity</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 调用相机</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> selectImageFromCamera() {
      Intent takePictureIntent </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span> Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 初始化打开相机的意图</span>
      <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) {
            File photoFile </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> {
                photoFile </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> createImageFile();
            } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">catch</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (photoFile != <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) {
                Uri photoURI </span>= FileProvider.getUriForFile(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>, "com.example.encryption.fileProvider"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, photoFile);
                takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoURI);
                startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, SELECT_FROM_CAMERA);
            }
      }
    }


    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 创建图片文件</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> File createImageFile() <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">throws</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> IOException {
      String timeStamp </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span> SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span> Date());<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 文件名以时间命名</span>
      String imageFileName = "JPEG_" + timeStamp + "_";<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 完善文件名</span>
      File storageDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 获取文件存储路径</span>
      File image = File.createTempFile(imageFileName, ".jpg"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, storageDir);
      currentPhotoPath </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> image.getAbsolutePath();
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> image; <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 返回文件</span>
    }</pre>
</div>
<p>接下来就是调用相册的代码了,前面提到过,调用相册需要动态申请权限,虽然参考Android官方提供的代码不申请也是可以正常打开的,但是获取不到图片的真实路径(可能是我技术不到位),这里就申请一次吧</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 询问用户是否授权</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> selectImageFromAlbum() {
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 询问用户是否授予权限</span>
      <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(SelectImageActivity.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) !=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(SelectImageActivity.</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span> String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 请求权限</span>
      } <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">else</span> {<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 已经授予权限</span>
            openAlbum();<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 调用相册</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">      }

    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 判断用户是否授予权限</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">    @Override
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> onRequestPermissionsResult(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">int</span> requestCode, @NonNull @NotNull String[] permissions, @NonNull @NotNull <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">[] grantResults) {
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (requestCode == 1<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (grantResults.length &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; grantResults == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 用户给予权限</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">                openAlbum();
            } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">else</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> {
                Toast.makeText(SelectImageActivity.</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>, "请授予读取相册权限!"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
      }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 从相册选取图片处理</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> String handleImage(Intent data) {
      String imagePath </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
      Uri uri </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> data.getData();
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, uri)) {
            String docId </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> ("com.android.providers.media.documents"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                String id </span>= docId.split(":");
                String selection </span>= MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" +<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> id;
                imagePath </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
            } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">else</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                Uri contentUri </span>= ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">), Long.parseLong(docId));
                imagePath </span>= getImagePath(contentUri, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
            }
      } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">else</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> ("content"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            imagePath </span>= getImagePath(uri, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
      } </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">else</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> ("file"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            imagePath </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> uri.getPath();
      }
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> imagePath;// 用户选择图片的真实地址
    }


    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 获得相册中图片的真实路径</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> String getImagePath(Uri externalContentUri, String selection) {
      String path </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
      Cursor cursor </span>= getContentResolver().query(externalContentUri, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span>, selection, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span>, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (cursor != <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                path </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
      }
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> path;
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 打开相册</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> openAlbum() {
      Intent intent </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span> Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
      intent.setType(</span>"image/*"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
      startActivityForResult(intent, SELECT_FROM_ALBUM); </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 跳转意图</span>
    }</pre>
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<p>调用完相册和相机后需要返回到 SelectImageActivity进行处理,这里我们重写&nbsp;onActivityResult 方法处理结果,为什么只需要处理相册的返回结果呢?因为相机拍摄图片的路径我们已经知道了,保存在 currentPhotoPath 了,所以这里只处理从相册中选择图片的地址</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>    <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">Activity返回结果处理</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">    @Override
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">protected</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> onActivityResult(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">int</span> requestCode, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> resultCode, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Intent data) {
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">super</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
      String imagePath </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 返回码为真</span>
            <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (requestCode ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> SELECT_FROM_ALBUM) {
                </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">assert</span> data != <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
                currentPhotoPath </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> handleImage(data);
            }
            returnImagePath(currentPhotoPath);
      }</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">else</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> {
            finish();</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 如果返回值不是RESULT_OK, 这种情况可能是用户放弃选择图片,此时直接结束该activity否则会显示当前activity</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">      }
    }</span></pre>
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<p>现在我们已经能获取拍摄图片或者用户选择图片的真实地址了,那么我们需要把这个地址返回给调用它的Activity,代码实现如下</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> returnImagePath(String imgPath) {
      Intent intent </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Intent();
      intent.putExtra(</span>"imagePath"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, imgPath);
      setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);
      finish();
    }</span></pre>
</div>
<p>好了,基本完成了,现在我们可以获取到图片的真实地址并进行返回,但是还需要知道调用的Activity是要打开相册的还是打开相机,因此我们需要接收上一级Activity发送过来的信息,代码如下</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> @Override
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">public</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">super</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_select_image);

      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">int</span> imageWhere = getIntent().getIntExtra("imageFromWhere", 0<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">switch</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> (imageWhere) {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">case</span> SELECT_FROM_CAMERA:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 拍摄新图片</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">                selectImageFromCamera();
                </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">break</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">case</span> SELECT_FROM_ALBUM:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 从相册中选取</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">                openAlbum();
                </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">break</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
      }
    }</span></pre>
</div>
<p>到这里,我们接口以及设置完毕了,但由于SelectImageActivity是个空白的Activity,跳转过程会有空白一闪而过,对于“高质量”程序员,这是不能忍受的,所以我这里把SelectImageActivity设置为透明,这样就不会有空白了,怎么设置呢?,只需要在AndroidManifest文件中把当前的Activity后面加上这句</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">&lt;</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">activity </span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)">android:name</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="function.SelectImageActivity"</span><span style="color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)"> android:theme</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">="@android:style/Theme.Translucent"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">/&gt;</span></pre>
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<p>注意,如果你使用这种方法,SelectImageActivity不能继承AppCompatActivity,而是向我一样继承Activity,否则会报错,到这里SelectImageActivity的配置完成,下面我们需要调用一下,调用SelectImageActivity的Activity中的代码如下</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)"> </span></pre>
<pre>Intent intent = new Intent(EncryptionActivity.this, SelectImageActivity.class);<br><br><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">case</span> R.id.tv_image_select_from_album:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 从相册中选取</span></pre>
<pre><em id="__mceDel">    intent.putExtra("imageFromWhere"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, SELECT_FROM_ALBUM);
    startActivityForResult(intent, </span>1<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);<br></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">    break</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">case</span> R.id.tv_image_select_from_camera:<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 拍摄新图片<br></span>    intent.putExtra("imageFromWhere"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, SELECT_FROM_CAMERA);<br>    startActivityForResult(intent, </span>1<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);<br></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">    break</span>;</em></pre>
</div>
<p>ok,这里我们在需要调用的Activity中发送两个整形数字,来告诉SelectImageActivity我们是要调用相机还是打开相册,当SelectImageActivity完成并返回后,我们就能在onActivityResult中接收到图片的真实路径了</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> @Override
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">protected</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> onActivityResult(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">int</span> requestCode, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> resultCode, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Intent data) {
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">super</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
      </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (resultCode ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> RESULT_OK){
            Bitmap bitmap </span>= BitmapFactory.decodeFile(data.getStringExtra("imagePath"<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">));
            mIvSelectImage.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
      }
    }</span></pre>
</div>
<p>这里,我直接把图片放在一个Image View中,全部过程完成!</p>
<p>Android开发新人,写的不好,大神勿喷,一个简单的案例,希望能够帮助到你</p>
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来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/microDeLe/p/15086902.html
頁: [1]
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