在 Fedora 系统上使用 RTL-SDR
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<p data-path-to-node="0">在 Fedora 系统上使用 RTL-SDR（一种低成本的软件定义无线电）其实非常直观。由于 Fedora 的软件库相对前卫，配置起来通常比其他发行版更简单。</p>
<p data-path-to-node="1">以下是实现“从硬件连接到信号监听”的具体步骤：</p>
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<h2 data-path-to-node="3">1. 安装基础驱动和工具</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="4">首先，你需要安装 <code data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="9">rtl-sdr</code> 包，它包含了必要的驱动逻辑和命令行工具（如 <code data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="39">rtl_test</code>, <code data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="49">rtl_fm</code>）。</p>
<p data-path-to-node="5">打开终端并运行：</p>
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<pre class="ng-tns-c1976125850-26 highlighter-prismjs language-none prismjs-lines-highlighted" tabindex="0" data-dark-theme="true"><code>sudo dnf install rtl-sdr</code></pre>
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<h2 data-path-to-node="7">2. 解决内核驱动冲突 (关键步骤)</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="8">Linux 内核通常会默认将 RTL2832U 识别为电视调谐卡（dvb_usb_rtl2832u），这会占用设备导致 SDR 软件无法访问。</p>
<p data-path-to-node="9">我们需要将这些模块加入黑名单：</p>
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<p data-path-to-node="10,0,0">创建黑名单文件：</p>
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<pre class="ng-tns-c1976125850-27 highlighter-prismjs language-none prismjs-lines-highlighted" tabindex="0" data-dark-theme="true"><code>sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rtlsdr.conf</code></pre>
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<p data-path-to-node="10,1,0">在文件中粘贴以下内容：</p>
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<pre class="ng-tns-c1976125850-28 highlighter-prismjs language-none prismjs-lines-highlighted" tabindex="0" data-dark-theme="true"><code>blacklist dvb_usb_rtl2832u
blacklist dvb_usb_v2
blacklist rtl2832</code></pre>
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<p data-path-to-node="10,2,0">保存退出，然后<strong data-path-to-node="10,2,0" data-index-in-node="7">拔掉并重新插上</strong>你的 RTL-SDR 硬件。</p>
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<h2 data-path-to-node="11">3. 配置权限 (Udev Rules)</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="12">为了让普通用户无需 <code data-path-to-node="12" data-index-in-node="10">sudo</code> 就能访问硬件，通常 <code data-path-to-node="12" data-index-in-node="25">dnf</code> 安装包已经处理了 udev 规则。你可以通过测试来验证：</p>
<p data-path-to-node="13">运行测试命令：</p>
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<pre class="ng-tns-c1976125850-29 highlighter-prismjs language-none prismjs-lines-highlighted" tabindex="0" data-dark-theme="true"><code>rtl_test -t</code></pre>
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<p data-path-to-node="15,0"><strong data-path-to-node="15,0" data-index-in-node="0">看到什么算成功？</strong> 如果输出显示了设备信息且没有报错（即使提示有 PLL 差异也是正常的），说明驱动和权限已经搞定。</p>
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<h2 data-path-to-node="17">4. 推荐的 SDR 软件</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="18">在 Fedora 上，你可以选择以下几种主流的图形化界面工具：</p>
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<td><span data-path-to-node="19,1,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="19,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">GQRX</strong></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="19,1,1,0">最经典的 SDR 软件，界面简洁，适合入门。</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="19,1,2,0"><code data-path-to-node="19,1,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">sudo dnf install gqrx</code></span></td>
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<td><span data-path-to-node="19,2,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="19,2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">SDRangel</strong></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="19,2,1,0">功能极其强大，支持多种协议解码（数字语音等）。</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="19,2,2,0"><code data-path-to-node="19,2,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">sudo dnf install sdrangel</code></span></td>
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<td><span data-path-to-node="19,3,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="19,3,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">CubicSDR</strong></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="19,3,1,0">现代化的 UI，支持多频道同时监听。</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="19,3,2,0"><code data-path-to-node="19,3,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">sudo dnf install CubicSDR</code></span></td>
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<h2 data-path-to-node="21">5. 进阶使用：ADS-B 追踪（看飞机）</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="22">如果你想尝试追踪附近的航班，可以安装 <code data-path-to-node="22" data-index-in-node="19">dump1090</code>：</p>
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<p data-path-to-node="23,0,0">安装：<code data-path-to-node="23,0,0" data-index-in-node="3">sudo dnf install dump1090</code></p>
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<p data-path-to-node="23,1,0">运行：<code data-path-to-node="23,1,0" data-index-in-node="3">dump1090 --interactive --net</code></p>
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<p data-path-to-node="23,2,0">然后在浏览器输入 <code data-path-to-node="23,2,0" data-index-in-node="9">localhost:8080</code> 即可看到地图上的飞机实时位置。</p>
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<h2 data-path-to-node="25">常见问题排查</h2>
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<p data-path-to-node="26,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="26,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">找不到设备：</strong> 检查 <code data-path-to-node="26,0,0" data-index-in-node="10">lsusb</code> 命令是否能看到包含 <code data-path-to-node="26,0,0" data-index-in-node="26">Realtek RTL2838</code> 字样的设备。</p>
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<p data-path-to-node="26,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="26,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">报错 "Device or resource busy"：</strong> 说明内核模块没黑名单成功，手动执行 <code data-path-to-node="26,1,0" data-index-in-node="48">sudo rmmod dvb_usb_rtl2832u</code> 试试。</p>
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<p>本文来自博客园，作者：木子欢儿，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/HGNET/p/19794667</p><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/HGNET/p/19794667
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