C# Autofac学习笔记

湘衡發表於 2020-5-8 17:04:00

<h2>    一、为什么使用Autofac?</h2>
    Autofac是.NET领域最为流行的IoC框架之一，传说是速度最快的一个。
<h4>    1.1、性能</h4>
    有人专门做了测试：
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1227623/202005/1227623-20200508104804509-518142365.png" alt=""><img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1227623/202005/1227623-20200508104221310-186725511.png" alt="">
<h4>    1.2、优点</h4>
    1）与C#语言联系很紧密。C#里的很多编程方式都可以为Autofac使用，例如可以使用Lambda表达式注册组件。
    2）较低的学习曲线。学习它非常的简单，只要你理解了IoC和DI的概念以及在何时需要使用它们。
    3）支持JSON/XML配置。
    4）自动装配。
    5）与Asp.Net MVC集成。
    6）微软的Orchad开源程序使用的就是Autofac，可以看出它的方便和强大。
<h4>    1.3、资源</h4>
    官方网站：http://autofac.org/
    GitHub网址：https://github.com/autofac/Autofac
    学习资料：Autofac中文文档
<h2>    二、数据准备</h2>
<h4>    2.1、新建项目</h4>
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1227623/202005/1227623-20200508164204391-1223728885.png" alt="">
    IService下的接口类：
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService
{
/// <summary>
/// 动物吠声接口类
/// </summary>
public interface IAnimalBark
{
 /// <summary>
 /// 吠叫
 /// </summary>
 void Bark();
}
}</pre>
</div>
IAnimalBark</div>
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService
{
/// <summary>
/// 动物睡眠接口类
/// </summary>
public interface IAnimalSleep
{
 /// <summary>
 /// 睡眠
 /// </summary>
 void Sleep();
}
}</pre>
</div>
IAnimalSleep</div>
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService
{
/// <summary>
/// 学校接口类
/// </summary>
public interface ISchool
{
 /// <summary>
 /// 放学
 /// </summary>
 void LeaveSchool();
}
}</pre>
</div>
ISchool</div>
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService
{
/// <summary>
/// 学生接口类
/// </summary>
public interface IStudent
{
 /// <summary>
 /// 增加学生
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="studentID">学生ID</param>
 /// <param name="studentName">学生姓名</param>
 void Add(string studentID, string studentName);
}
}</pre>
</div>
IStudent</div>
    Service下的接口实现类：
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_60843312-f159-4f6a-ba89-577f89d86fb5" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_60843312-f159-4f6a-ba89-577f89d86fb5" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service
{
/// <summary>
/// 猫类
/// </summary>
public class Cat : IAnimalSleep
{
 /// <summary>
 /// 睡眠
 /// </summary>
 public void Sleep()
 {
 Console.WriteLine("小猫咪睡着了zZ");
 }
}
}</pre>
</div>
Cat</div>
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service
{
/// <summary>
/// 狗类
/// </summary>
public class Dog : IAnimalBark, IAnimalSleep
{
 /// <summary>
 /// 吠叫
 /// </summary>
 public void Bark()
 {
 Console.WriteLine("汪汪汪");
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 睡眠
 /// </summary>
 public void Sleep()
 {
 Console.WriteLine("小狗狗睡着了zZ");
 }
}
}</pre>
</div>
Dog</div>
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service
{
/// <summary>
/// 学校类
/// </summary>
public class School : ISchool
{
 /// <summary>
 /// IAnimalBark属性
 /// </summary>
 public IAnimalBark AnimalBark { get; set; }

 /// <summary>
 /// 放学
 /// </summary>
 public void LeaveSchool()
 {
 AnimalBark.Bark();
 Console.WriteLine("你家的熊孩子放学了⊙o⊙");
 }
}
}</pre>
</div>
School</div>
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service
{
/// <summary>
/// 学生类
/// </summary>
public class Student : IStudent
{
 /// <summary>
 /// 无参构造函数
 /// </summary>
 public Student()
 { }

 /// <summary>
 /// 有参构造函数
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="studentID">学生ID</param>
 /// <param name="studentName">学生姓名</param>
 public Student(string studentID, string studentName)
 {
 Add(studentID, studentName);
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 增加学生
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="studentID">学生ID</param>
 /// <param name="studentName">学生姓名</param>
 public void Add(string studentID, string studentName)
 {
 Console.WriteLine($"新增的学生是：{studentName}");
 }
}
}</pre>
</div>
Student</div>
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<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service
{
/// <summary>
/// 动物摇尾巴
/// </summary>
public class AnimalWagging
{
 /// <summary>
 /// IAnimalBark属性
 /// </summary>
 IAnimalBark animalBark;

 /// <summary>
 /// 有参构造函数
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="bark">IAnimalBark变量</param>
 public AnimalWagging(IAnimalBark bark)
 {
 animalBark = bark;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 摇尾巴
 /// </summary>
 public virtual void Wagging()
 {
 animalBark.Bark();
 Console.WriteLine("摇尾巴");
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 计数
 /// </summary>
 /// <returns></returns>
 public static int Count()
 {
 return 6;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 任务
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="name">动物名称</param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 public virtual async Task<string> WaggingAsync(string name)
 {
 var result = await Task.Run(() => Count());
 return $"{name}摇了{result}下尾巴";
 }
}
}</pre>
</div>
AnimalWagging</div>
<h4>    2.2、Autofac安装</h4>
    Client项目右键->管理 NuGet 程序包->Autofac。
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1227623/202005/1227623-20200508113758896-1545524391.png" alt="">
<h2>    三、IoC-注册</h2>
<h4>    3.1、类型注册</h4>
    a）类型注册：使用RegisterType进行注册。
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<pre> //注册Autofac组件
 ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 //注册实现类Student，当我们请求IStudent接口的时候，返回的是类Student的对象。
 builder.RegisterType<Student>().As<IStudent>();
 //上面这句也可改成下面这句，这样请求Student实现了的任何接口的时候，都会返回Student对象。
 //builder.RegisterType<Student>().AsImplementedInterfaces();
 IContainer container = builder.Build();
 //请求IStudent接口
 IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();
 student.Add("1001", "Hello");</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
    b）类型注册(别名)：假如一个接口有多个实现类，可以在注册时起别名。
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.RegisterType<Dog>().Named<IAnimalSleep>("Dog");
 builder.RegisterType<Cat>().Named<IAnimalSleep>("Cat");
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 var dog = container.ResolveNamed<IAnimalSleep>("Dog");
 dog.Sleep();
 var cat = container.ResolveNamed<IAnimalSleep>("Cat");
 cat.Sleep();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
    c）类型注册(枚举)：假如一个接口有多个实现类，也可以使用枚举的方式注册。
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<pre> public enum AnimalType
 {
 Dog,
 Cat
 }</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.RegisterType<Dog>().Keyed<IAnimalSleep>(AnimalType.Dog);
 builder.RegisterType<Cat>().Keyed<IAnimalSleep>(AnimalType.Cat);
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 var dog = container.ResolveKeyed<IAnimalSleep>(AnimalType.Dog);
 dog.Sleep();
 var cat = container.ResolveKeyed<IAnimalSleep>(AnimalType.Cat);
 cat.Sleep();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    3.2、实例注册</h4>
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.RegisterInstance<IStudent>(new Student());
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();
 student.Add("1001", "Hello");</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    3.3、Lambda注册</h4>
    a）Lambda注册
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.Register(c => new Student()).As<IStudent>();
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();
 student.Add("1001", "Hello");</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
    b）Lambda注册(NamedParameter)
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.Register<IAnimalSleep>((c, p) =>
 {
 var type = p.Named<string>("type");
 if (type == "Dog")
 {
 return new Dog();
 }
 else
 {
 return new Cat();
 }
 }).As<IAnimalSleep>();
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 var dog = container.Resolve<IAnimalSleep>(new NamedParameter("type", "Dog"));
 dog.Sleep();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    3.4、程序集注册</h4>
    如果有很多接口及实现类，假如觉得这种一一注册很麻烦的话，可以一次性全部注册，当然也可以加筛选条件。
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_e5749b09-ad92-4497-9a98-42c5fa67e514" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_e5749b09-ad92-4497-9a98-42c5fa67e514" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load("LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service"); //实现类所在的程序集名称
 builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).AsImplementedInterfaces();//常用
 //builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).Where(t=>t.Name.StartsWith("S")).AsImplementedInterfaces();//带筛选
 //builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).Except<School>().AsImplementedInterfaces();//带筛选
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 //单实现类的用法
 IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();
 student.Add("1001", "Hello");

 //多实现类的用法
 IEnumerable<IAnimalSleep> animals = container.Resolve<IEnumerable<IAnimalSleep>>();
 foreach (var item in animals)
 {
 item.Sleep();
 }</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    3.5、泛型注册</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_5cec18d3-62cf-4f09-964b-ee7cd1d331b2" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_5cec18d3-62cf-4f09-964b-ee7cd1d331b2" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.RegisterGeneric(typeof(List<>)).As(typeof(IList<>));
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 IList<string> list = container.Resolve<IList<string>>();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    3.6、默认注册</h4>
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 //对于同一个接口，后面注册的实现会覆盖之前的实现。
 //如果不想覆盖的话，可以用PreserveExistingDefaults，这样会保留原来注册的实现。
 builder.RegisterType<Dog>().As<IAnimalSleep>();
 builder.RegisterType<Cat>().As<IAnimalSleep>().PreserveExistingDefaults();//指定为非默认值
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 var dog = container.Resolve<IAnimalSleep>();
 dog.Sleep();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h2>    四、IoC-注入</h2>
<h4>    4.1、构造函数注入</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_b5656299-e690-41d8-8f76-406c6eb9bc22" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_b5656299-e690-41d8-8f76-406c6eb9bc22" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.RegisterType<AnimalWagging>();
 builder.RegisterType<Dog>().As<IAnimalBark>();
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 AnimalWagging animal = container.Resolve<AnimalWagging>();
 animal.Wagging();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    4.2、属性注入</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_7eafd6a6-0a58-43b1-824d-2fc36155ae83" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_7eafd6a6-0a58-43b1-824d-2fc36155ae83" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load("LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service"); //实现类所在的程序集名称
 builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).AsImplementedInterfaces().PropertiesAutowired(); //常用
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 ISchool school = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 school.LeaveSchool();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h2>    五、IoC-事件</h2>
    Autofac在组件生命周期的不同阶段，共对应了5个事件，执行顺序如下所示：
    1.OnRegistered->2.OnPreparing->3.OnActivating->4.OnActivated->5.OnRelease
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_7a276f25-b91d-4c9b-9626-8b8de4069fd3" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_7a276f25-b91d-4c9b-9626-8b8de4069fd3" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_7a276f25-b91d-4c9b-9626-8b8de4069fd3" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.RegisterType<Student>().As<IStudent>()
 .OnRegistered(e => Console.WriteLine("OnRegistered：在注册的时候调用"))
 .OnPreparing(e => Console.WriteLine("OnPreparing：在准备创建的时候调用"))
 .OnActivating(e => Console.WriteLine("OnActivating：在创建之前调用"))
 //.OnActivating(e => e.ReplaceInstance(new Student("1000", "Test")))
 .OnActivated(e => Console.WriteLine("OnActivated：在创建之后调用"))
 .OnRelease(e => Console.WriteLine("OnRelease：在释放占用的资源之前调用"));
 using (IContainer container = builder.Build())
 {
 IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();
 student.Add("1001", "Hello");
 }</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h2>    六、IoC-生命周期</h2>
<h4>    6.1、Per Dependency</h4>
    Per Dependency：为默认的生命周期，也被称为"transient"或"factory"，其实就是每次请求都创建一个新的对象。
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_c8c74c87-ed8c-47c8-8dfd-d5c320c2d577" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_c8c74c87-ed8c-47c8-8dfd-d5c320c2d577" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_c8c74c87-ed8c-47c8-8dfd-d5c320c2d577" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load("LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service"); //实现类所在的程序集名称
 builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).AsImplementedInterfaces().PropertiesAutowired().InstancePerDependency(); //常用
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 ISchool school1 = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 ISchool school2 = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 Console.WriteLine(school1.Equals(school2));</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    6.2、Single Instance</h4>
    Single Instance：就是每次都用同一个对象。
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_7187525c-9141-40e8-b23a-e87f6003064a" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_7187525c-9141-40e8-b23a-e87f6003064a" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_7187525c-9141-40e8-b23a-e87f6003064a" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load("LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service"); //实现类所在的程序集名称
 builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).AsImplementedInterfaces().PropertiesAutowired().SingleInstance(); //常用
 IContainer container = builder.Build();

 ISchool school1 = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 ISchool school2 = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 Console.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(school1, school2));</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    6.3、Per Lifetime Scope</h4>
    Per Lifetime Scope：同一个Lifetime生成的对象是同一个实例。
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_66c65942-5124-471a-b1f5-2ec02b296fe2" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_66c65942-5124-471a-b1f5-2ec02b296fe2" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
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<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 builder.RegisterType<School>().As<ISchool>().InstancePerLifetimeScope();
 IContainer container = builder.Build();
 ISchool school1 = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 ISchool school2 = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 Console.WriteLine(school1.Equals(school2));
 using (ILifetimeScope lifetime = container.BeginLifetimeScope())
 {
 ISchool school3 = lifetime.Resolve<ISchool>();
 ISchool school4 = lifetime.Resolve<ISchool>();
 Console.WriteLine(school3.Equals(school4));
 Console.WriteLine(school2.Equals(school3));
 }</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h2>    七、IoC-通过配置文件使用Autofac</h2>
<h4>    7.1、组件安装</h4>
    Client项目右键->管理 NuGet 程序包->Autofac.Configuration及Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Xml。
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1227623/202005/1227623-20200508162013314-489495231.png" alt="">
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1227623/202005/1227623-20200508162055600-2139623364.png" alt="">
<h4>    7.2、配置文件</h4>
    新建一个AutofacConfigIoC.xml文件，在其属性的复制到输出目录项下选择始终复制。
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_f5619460-db96-49d1-8a45-20f25c492050" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_f5619460-db96-49d1-8a45-20f25c492050" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_f5619460-db96-49d1-8a45-20f25c492050" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<autofac defaultAssembly="LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService">

<components name="1001">
<type>LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service.Student, LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service</type>
<services name="0" type="LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService.IStudent" />
<injectProperties>true</injectProperties>
</components>
<components name="1002">
<type>LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service.Dog, LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service</type>
<services name="0" type="LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService.IAnimalBark" />
<injectProperties>true</injectProperties>
</components>

<components name="2001">
<type>LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service.AnimalWagging, LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service</type>
<services name="0" type="LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service.AnimalWagging, LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service" />
<injectProperties>true</injectProperties>
</components>

<components name="3001">
<type>LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service.School, LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Service</type>
<services name="0" type="LinkTo.Test.Autofac.IService.ISchool" />
<injectProperties>true</injectProperties>
</components>
</autofac></pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h4>    7.3、测试代码</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_3b496837-dbfa-49e9-9150-293efd80713e" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_3b496837-dbfa-49e9-9150-293efd80713e" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_3b496837-dbfa-49e9-9150-293efd80713e" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre> //加载配置
 ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();
 var config = new ConfigurationBuilder();
 config.AddXmlFile("AutofacConfigIoC.xml");
 var module = new ConfigurationModule(config.Build());
 builder.RegisterModule(module);
 IContainer container = builder.Build();
 //无注入测试
 IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();
 student.Add("1002", "World");
 //构造函数注入测试
 AnimalWagging animal = container.Resolve<AnimalWagging>();
 animal.Wagging();
 //属性注入测试
 ISchool school = container.Resolve<ISchool>();
 school.LeaveSchool();</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
<h2>    八、AOP </h2>
<h4>    8.1、组件安装</h4>
    Client项目右键->管理 NuGet 程序包->Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy。
<img src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1227623/202005/1227623-20200508163019244-464968566.png" alt="">
<h4>    8.2、拦截器</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_b6751152-5462-48a3-8656-f0e4b683efef" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_b6751152-5462-48a3-8656-f0e4b683efef" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_b6751152-5462-48a3-8656-f0e4b683efef" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Castle.DynamicProxy;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Client
{
/// <summary>
/// 拦截器：需实现IInterceptor接口。
/// </summary>
public class CallLogger : IInterceptor
{
 private readonly TextWriter _output;

 public CallLogger(TextWriter output)
 {
 _output = output;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 拦截方法：打印被拦截的方法--执行前的名称、参数以及执行后的返回结果。
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="invocation">被拦截方法的信息</param>
 public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
 {
 //空白行
 _output.WriteLine();

 //在下一个拦截器或目标方法处理之前的处理
 _output.WriteLine($"调用方法：{invocation.Method.Name}");

 if (invocation.Arguments.Length > 0)
 {
 _output.WriteLine($"参数：{string.Join(", ", invocation.Arguments.Select(a => (a ?? "").ToString()).ToArray())}");
 }

 //调用下一个拦截器(若存在)，直到最终的目标方法(Target Method)。
 invocation.Proceed();

 //获取被代理方法的返回类型
 var returnType = invocation.Method.ReturnType;

 //异步方法
 if (IsAsyncMethod(invocation.Method))
 {
 //Task：返回值是固定类型
 if (returnType != null && returnType == typeof(Task))
 {
 //定义一个异步方法来等待目标方法返回的Task
 async Task Continuation() => await (Task)invocation.ReturnValue;
 //Continuation()中并没有使用await，所以Continuation()就如同步方法一样是阻塞的。
 invocation.ReturnValue = Continuation();
 }
 //Task<T>：返回值是泛型类型
 else
 {
 //获取被代理方法的返回类型
 var returnTypeT = invocation.Method.ReflectedType;
 if (returnTypeT != null)
 {
 //获取泛型参数集合，集合中的第一个元素等价于typeof(Class)。
 var resultType = invocation.Method.ReturnType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
 //利用反射获得等待返回值的异步方法
 MethodInfo methodInfo = typeof(CallLogger).GetMethod("HandleAsync", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
 //调用methodInfo类的MakeGenericMethod()方法，用获得的类型T(<resultType>)来重新构造HandleAsync()方法。
 var mi = methodInfo.MakeGenericMethod(resultType);
 //Invoke：使用指定参数调用由当前实例表示的方法或构造函数。
 invocation.ReturnValue = mi.Invoke(this, new[] { invocation.ReturnValue });
 }
 }

 var type = invocation.Method.ReturnType;
 var resultProperty = type.GetProperty("Result");

 if (resultProperty != null)
 _output.WriteLine($"方法结果：{resultProperty.GetValue(invocation.ReturnValue)}");
 }
 //同步方法
 else
 {
 if (returnType != null && returnType != typeof(void))
 _output.WriteLine($"方法结果：{invocation.ReturnValue}");
 }
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 判断是否异步方法
 /// </summary>
 public static bool IsAsyncMethod(MethodInfo method)
 {
 return
 (
 method.ReturnType == typeof(Task) ||
 (method.ReturnType.IsGenericType && method.ReturnType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Task<>))
 );
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// 构造等待返回值的异步方法
 /// </summary>
 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
 /// <param name="task"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 public async Task<T> HandleAsync<T>(Task<T> task)
 {
 var t = await task;
 return t;
 }
}
}</pre>
</div>
CallLogger</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_a581f659-eeb7-42bb-885a-ff138ce0eaa1" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_a581f659-eeb7-42bb-885a-ff138ce0eaa1" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_a581f659-eeb7-42bb-885a-ff138ce0eaa1" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre>using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Castle.DynamicProxy;

namespace LinkTo.Test.Autofac.Client
{
public class CallTester: IInterceptor
{
 public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("啥也不干");
 invocation.Proceed();
 Console.WriteLine("也不干啥");
 }
}
}</pre>
</div>
CallTester</div>
<h4>    8.3、测试代码</h4>
    注意：对于以类方式的注入，Autofac Interceptor要求类的方法必须为virtual方法。如AnimalWagging类的Wagging()、WaggingAsync(string name)都加了virtual修饰符。
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt="" id="code_img_closed_6ac89e60-7c0e-468d-b290-cfed2c979729" class="code_img_closed"><img src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="" id="code_img_opened_6ac89e60-7c0e-468d-b290-cfed2c979729" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_6ac89e60-7c0e-468d-b290-cfed2c979729" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre> ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();

 //注册拦截器
 builder.Register(c => new CallLogger(Console.Out));
 builder.Register(c => new CallTester());

 //动态注入拦截器

 //这里定义了两个拦截器，注意它们的顺序。
 builder.RegisterType<Student>().As<IStudent>().InterceptedBy(typeof(CallLogger), typeof(CallTester)).EnableInterfaceInterceptors();

 //这里定义了一个拦截器
 builder.RegisterType<AnimalWagging>().InterceptedBy(typeof(CallLogger)).EnableClassInterceptors();
 builder.RegisterType<Dog>().As<IAnimalBark>();

 IContainer container = builder.Build();
 IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();
 student.Add("1003", "Kobe");

 AnimalWagging animal = container.Resolve<AnimalWagging>();
 animal.Wagging();

 Task<string> task = animal.WaggingAsync("哈士奇");
 Console.WriteLine($"{task.Result}");</pre>
</div>
View Code</div>
 
    IoC参考自：
    https://www.xin3721.com/ArticlecSharp/c14013.html
    https://www.cnblogs.com/GoogleGetZ/p/10218721.html
    http://niuyi.github.io/blog/2012/04/06/autofac-by-unit-test/
    https://www.cnblogs.com/kissdodog/p/3611799.html
 
    AOP参考自：
    https://www.cnblogs.com/stulzq/p/6880394.html
    https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38211198/article/details/105925821
    https://blog.csdn.net/q932104843/article/details/97611912 
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/atomy/p/12834804.html

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C# Autofac学习笔记