043.Kubernetes集群存储-共享存储
<h2 align="left">一 共享存储</h2><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"></font><h3 align="left">1.1 共享存储作用</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Kubernetes对于有状态的容器应用或者对数据需要持久化的应用，不仅需要将容器内的目录挂载到宿主机的目录或者emptyDir临时存储卷，而且需要更加可靠的存储来保存应用产生的重要数据，以便容器应用在重建之后仍然可以使用之前的数据。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">1.2 共享存储资源</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">为了能够屏蔽底层存储实现的细节，便于使用和管理，Kubernetes从1.0版本就引入PersistentVolume（PV）和PersistentVolumeClaim（PVC）两个资源对象来实现对存储的管理子系统。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PV是对底层网络共享存储的抽象，将共享存储定义为一种“资源”，比如Node也是一种容器应用可以“消费”的资源。PV由管理员创建和配置，它与共享存储的具体实现直接相关，例如GlusterFS、iSCSI、RBD或GCE或AWS公有云提供的共享存储，通过插件式的机制完成与共享存储的对接，以供应用访问和使用。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PVC则是用户对存储资源的一个“申请”。就像Pod“消费”Node的资源一样，PVC能够“消费”PV资源。PVC可以申请特定的存储空间和访问模式。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">若使用PVC“申请”到一定的存储空间仍然不能满足应用对存储设备的需求。比如通常应用程序都会对存储设备的特性和性能有不同的要求，包括读写速度、并发性能、数据冗余等更高的要求，因此Kubernetes从1.4版本开始引入了一个新的资源对象StorageClass，用于标记存储资源的特性和性能。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Kubernetes 1.6版本时，StorageClass和动态资源供应的机制得到了完善，实现了存储卷的按需创建。通过StorageClass的定义，管理员可以将存储资源定义为某种类别（Class），正如存储设备对于自身的配置描述（Profile），例如“快速存储”“慢速存储”“有数据冗余”“无数据冗余”等。用户根据StorageClass的描述就能够直观地得知各种存储资源的特性，就可以根据应用对存储资源的需求去申请存储资源。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Kubernetes从1.9版本开始引入容器存储接口Container Storage Interface（CSI）机制，目标是在Kubernetes和外部存储系统之间建立一套标准的存储管理接口，通过该接口为容器提供存储服务，类似于CRI（容器运行时接口）和CNI（容器网络接口）。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h2 align="left">二 PV</h2><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">2.1 PV详解</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PV作为存储资源，主要包括存储能力、访问模式、存储类型、回收策略、后端存储类型等关键信息的设置。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">示例1：如下声明的PV具有如下属性：5GiB存储空间，访问模式为ReadWriteOnce，存储类型为slow（要求在系统中已存在名为slow的StorageClass），回收策略为Recycle，并且后端存储类型为nfs（设置了NFS Server的IP地址和路径）。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div id="5699-1575383543311" style="line-height: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="code" data-language="javascript" data-theme="coy"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"># vi nfspv01.yaml
<div class="cnblogs_code"><pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> apiVersion: v1
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> kind: PersistentVolume
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">3</span> metadata:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">4</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">name</span>: pv1
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">5</span> spec:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">6</span> capacity:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">7</span> storage: 5Gi
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">8</span> accessModes:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">9</span> - ReadWriteOnce
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 10</span> persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 11</span> storageClassName: slow
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 12</span> nfs:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 13</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">path</span>: /tmp
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 14</span> server: 172.17.0.2</pre></div></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Kubernetes主要支持的PV类型如下：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AWSElasticBlockStore：AWS公有云提供的ElasticBlockStore。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AzureFile：Azure公有云提供的File。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AzureDisk：Azure公有云提供的Disk。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">CephFS：一种开源共享存储系统。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">FC（FibreChannel）：光纤存储设备。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">FlexVolume：一种插件式的存储机制。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Flocker：一种开源共享存储系统。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">GCEPersistentDisk：GCE公有云提供的PersistentDisk。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Glusterfs：一种开源共享存储系统。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">HostPath：宿主机目录，仅用于单机测试。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">iSCSI：iSCSI存储设备。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Local：本地存储设备，从Kubernetes1.7版本引入，到1.14版本时更新为稳定版，目前可以通过指定块（Block）设备提供LocalPV，或通过社区开发的sig-storage-local-static-provisioner插件（https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sigstorage-local-static-provisioner）来管理LocalPV的生命周期。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">NFS：网络文件系统。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PortworxVolumes：Portworx提供的存储服务。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">QuobyteVolumes：Quobyte提供的存储服务。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">RBD（CephBlockDevice）：Ceph块存储。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">ScaleIOVolumes：DellEMC的存储设备。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">StorageOS：StorageOS提供的存储服务。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">VsphereVolume：VMWare提供的存储系统。</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">2.2 PV配置参数</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">存储能力（Capacity）</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">描述存储设备具备的能力，目前仅支持对存储空间的设置（storage=xx），未来可能加入IOPS、吞吐率等指标的设置。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">存储卷模式（VolumeMode）</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Kubernetes从1.13版本开始引入存储卷类型的设置（volumeMode=xxx），可选项包括Filesystem（文件系统）和Block（块设备），默认值为Filesystem。目前有以下PV类型支持块设备类型：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AWSElasticBlockStore</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AzureDisk</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">FC</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">GCEPersistentDisk</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">iSCSI</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Localvolume</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">RBD（CephBlockDevice）</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">VsphereVolume（alpha）</font></li></ul></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">示例1：使用块设备的PV定义。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"># vi blockpv01.yaml</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> apiVersion: v1
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> kind PersistentVolume
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">3</span> metadata:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">4</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">name</span>: block-pv
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">5</span> spec:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">6</span> capacity:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">7</span> storage: 10Gi
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">8</span> accessNodes:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">9</span> - ReadWriteOnce
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 10</span> persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 11</span> volumeMode: Block
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 12</span> fc:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 13</span> targetWWNs: ["<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">50060e801049cfd1</span>"]
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 14</span> lun: 0
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 15</span> readOnly: false
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 16</span> </pre></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">访问模式（Access Modes）</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">对PV进行访问模式的设置，用于描述用户的应用对存储资源的访问权限，访问模式如下：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">ReadWriteOnce（RWO）：读写权限，并且只能被单个Node挂载。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">ReadOnlyMany（ROX）：只读权限，允许被多个Node挂载。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">ReadWriteMany（RWX）：读写权限，允许被多个Node挂载。</font></li></ul></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">某些PV可能支持多种访问模式，但PV在挂载时只能使用一种访问模式，多种访问模式不能同时生效。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">存储类别（Class）PV</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">可以设定其存储的类别，通过storageClassName参数指定一个StorageClass资源对象的名称。具有特定类别的PV只能与请求了该类别的PVC进行绑定。未设定类别的PV则只能与不请求任何类别的PVC进行绑定。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">回收策略（ReclaimPolicy）</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">通过PV定义中的persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy字段进行设置，可选项保留（Retain），回收（Recycle）和删除（Delete）。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">保留：保留数据，需要手工处理。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">回收空间：简单清除文件的操作（例如执行rm-rf/thevolume/*命令）。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">删除：与PV相连的后端存储完成Volume的删除操作（如AWSEBS、GCEPD、AzureDisk、OpenStackCinder等设备的内部Volume清理）。</font></li></ul></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">目前，只有NFS和HostPath两种类型的存储支持Recycle策略；</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AWSEBS、GCEPD、Azure Disk和Cinder volumes支持Delete策略。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">挂载参数（MountOptions）</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">在将PV挂载到一个Node上时，根据后端存储的特点，可能需要设置额外的挂载参数，可以根据PV定义中的mountOptions字段进行设置。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">示例2：对一个类型为gcePersistentDisk的PV设置挂载参数。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"># vi gccpv01.yaml</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> apiVersion: "<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">v1</span>"
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> kind: "<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">PersistentVolume</span>"
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">3</span> metadata:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">4</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">name</span>: gce-disk-1
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">5</span> spec:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">6</span> capacity:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">7</span> storage: "<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">10Gi</span>"
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">8</span> accessModes:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">9</span> - "<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">ReadWriteOnce</span>"
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 10</span> mountOptions:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 11</span> - hard
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 12</span> - nolock
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 13</span> - nfsvers=3
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 14</span> gcePersistentDisk:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 15</span> fsType: "<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">ext4</span>"
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 16</span> pdName: "<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">gce-disk-1</span>"
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 17</span> </pre></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">提示：以下PV类型支持设置挂载参数：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AWSElasticBlockStore</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AzureDisk</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">AzureFile</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">CephFS</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Cinder(OpenStackblockstorage)</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">GCEPersistentDisk</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Glusterfs</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">NFS</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">QuobyteVolumes</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">RBD(CephBlockDevice)</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">StorageOS</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">VsphereVolume</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: circle; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">iSCSI</font></li></ul></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list" start="2"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">节点亲和性（NodeAffinity）</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PV可以设置节点亲和性来限制只能通过某些Node访问Volume，可以在PV定义中的nodeAffinity字段进行设置。使用这些Volume的Pod将被调度到满足条件的Node上。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">示例3：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"># vi affpv01.yaml</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> apiVersion: v1
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> kind: PersistentVolume
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">3</span> metadata:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">4</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">name</span>: example-local-pv
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">5</span> spec:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">6</span> capacity:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">7</span> storage: 5Gi
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">8</span> accessModes:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">9</span> - ReadWriteOnce
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 10</span> persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 11</span> storageClassName: local-storage
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 12</span> local:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 13</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">path</span>: /mnt/disks/ssd1
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 14</span> nodeAffinity:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 15</span> required:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 16</span> nodeSelectorTerms:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 17</span> - mathExpressions:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 18</span> - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 19</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">operator</span>: In
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 20</span> values:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 21</span> - my-node
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 22</span> </pre></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>注意：这个参数仅用于Local类型的存储卷。</strong></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h2 align="left">三 PVC详解</h2><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">3.1 PVC使用</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PVC作为用户对存储资源的需求申请，主要包括存储空间请求、访问模式、PV选择条件和存储类别等信息的设置。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">示例1：申明PVC，具有如下属性：申请8GiB存储空间，访问模式为ReadWriteOnce，PV选择条件为包含标签“release=stable”并且包含条件为“environment In ”的标签，存储类别为“slow”（要求在系统中已存在名为slow的StorageClass）。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"># vi myclaim01.yaml</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">1</span> kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">2</span> apiVersion: v1
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">3</span> metadata:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">4</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">name</span>: myclaim
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">5</span> spec:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">6</span> accessModes:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">7</span> - ReadWriteOnce
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">8</span> resources:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)">9</span> requests:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 10</span> storage: 8Gi
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 11</span> storageClassName: slow
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 12</span> selector:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 13</span> matchLabels:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 14</span> release: "<span style="color: rgba(139, 0, 0, 1)">stable</span>"
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 15</span> matchExpressions:
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 16</span> - {key: enviroment, <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">operator</span>: In, values: }
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 128, 1)"> 17</span> </pre></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">3.2 PVC配置详解</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PVC的关键配置参数说明如下：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">资源请求（Resources）：描述对存储资源的请求，目前仅支持request.storage的设置，即存储空间大小。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">访问模式（AccessModes）：PVC也可以设置访问模式，用于描述用户应用对存储资源的访问权限。其三种访问模式的设置与PV的设置相同。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">存储卷模式（VolumeModes）：PVC也可以设置存储卷模式，用于描述希望使用的PV存储卷模式，包括文件系统和块设备。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PV选择条件（Selector）：通过对LabelSelector的设置，可使PVC对于系统中已存在的各种PV进行筛选。系统将根据标签选出合适的PV与该PVC进行绑定。选择条件可以使用matchLabels和matchExpressions进行设置，如果两个字段都设置了，则Selector的逻辑将是两组条件同时满足才能完成匹配。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">存储类别（Class）：PVC在定义时可以设定需要的后端存储的类别（通过storageClassName字段指定），以减少对后端存储特性的详细信息的依赖。只有设置了该Class的PV才能被系统选出，并与该PVC进行绑定。PVC也可以不设置Class需求。如果storageClassName字段的值被设置为空（storageClassName=""），则表示该PVC不要求特定的Class，系统将只选择未设定Class的PV与之匹配和绑定。PVC也可以完全不设置storageClassName字段，此时将根据系统是否启用了名为DefaultStorageClass的admissioncontroller进行相应的操作。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">未启用DefaultStorageClass：等效于PVC设置storageClassName的值为空（storageClassName=""），即只能选择未设定Class的PV与之匹配和绑定。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">启用DefaultStorageClass：要求集群管理员已定义默认的StorageClass。如果在系统中不存在默认的StorageClass，则等效于不启用DefaultStorageClass的情况。如果存在默认的StorageClass，则系统将自动为PVC创建一个PV（使用默认StorageClass的后端存储），并将它们进行绑定。</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>提示：设置默认StorageClass的方法为，在StorageClass的定义中加上一个annotation“storageclass.kubernetes.io/isdefault-class=true”。如果将多个StorageClass都定义为default，则由于不唯一，系统将无法为PVC创建相应的PV。</strong></font></div><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>
</strong></font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>注意，PVC和PV都受限于Namespace，PVC在选择PV时受到Namespace的限制，只有相同Namespace中的PV才可能与PVC绑定。Pod在引用PVC时同样受Namespace的限制，只有相同Namespace中的PVC才能挂载到Pod内。当Selector和Class都进行了设置时，系统将选择两个条件同时满足的PV与之匹配。另外，如果资源供应使用的是动态模式，即没有预先定义PV，仅通过StorageClass交给系统自动完成PV的动态创建，那么PVC再设定Selector时，系统将无法为其供应任何存储资源。</strong></font></div><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>
</strong></font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>在启用动态供应模式的情况下，一旦用户删除了PVC，与之绑定的PV也将根据其默认的回收策略“Delete”被删除。如果需要保留PV（用户数据），则在动态绑定成功后，用户需要将系统自动生成PV的回收策略从“Delete”改成“Retain”。</strong></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h2 align="left">四 PV和PVC生命周期管理</h2><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">4.1 PV生命周期</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">某个PV在生命周期中可能处于以下4个阶段（Phaes）之一。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Available：可用状态，还未与某个PVC绑定。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Bound：已与某个PVC绑定。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Released：绑定的PVC已经删除，资源已释放，但没有被集群回收。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Failed：自动资源回收失败。</font></li></ul></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">4.2 PVC生命周期</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">将PV看作可用的存储资源，PVC则是对存储资源的需求，PV和PVC的相互关系遵循如下所示关系：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="center" style="line-height: normal; float: none; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="image"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"></font><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"><img width="819" height="344" title="clipboard" style="border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; max-width: none; background-image: none" alt="clipboard" src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/680719/202003/680719-20200326124210685-1052959555.png" border="0" data-attr-org-src-id="248931B848604697882199622EC2F226" data-media-type="image"></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">4.3 资源供应</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Kubernetes支持两种资源的供应模式：静态模式（Static）和动态模式（Dynamic），资源供应的目的就是创建好PV。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div style="line-height: normal; -ms-word-break: normal"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><ol style="margin: 0; padding-left: 30pt" yne-block-type="list"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">静态模式：集群管理员手工创建许多PV，在定义PV时需要将后端存储的特性进行设置。</font></li><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><li style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.75; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">动态模式：集群管理员无须手工创建PV，而是通过StorageClass的设置对后端存储进行描述，标记为某种类型。此时要求PVC对存储的类型进行声明，系统将自动完成PV的创建及与PVC的绑定。</font></li></ol></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>注意；PVC可以声明Class为""，说明该PVC禁止使用动态模式。</strong></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">4.4 资源绑定</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">在用户定义好PVC之后，系统将根据PVC对存储资源的请求（存储空间和访问模式）在已存在的PV中选择一个满足PVC要求的PV，一旦找到，就将该PV与用户定义的PVC进行绑定，用户的Pod应用就可以使用这个PVC了。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">如果在系统中没有满足PVC要求的PV，PVC则会无限期处于Pending状态，直到等到系统管理员创建了一个符合其要求的PV。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">PV一旦绑定到某个PVC上，就会被这个PVC独占，不能再与其他PVC进行绑定了。在这种情况下，当PVC申请的存储空间比PV的少时，整个PV的空间就都能够为PVC所用，可能会造成资源的浪费。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">如果资源供应使用的是动态模式，则系统在为PVC找到合适的StorageClass后，将自动创建一个PV并完成与PVC的绑定。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">4.5 资源使用</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">Pod使用Volume的定义，将PVC挂载到容器内的某个路径进行使用。Volume的类型为persistentVolumeClaim。在容器应用挂载了一个PVC后，就能被持续独占使用。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">不过，多个Pod可以挂载同一个PVC，由应用程序自身考虑多个实例共同访问一块存储空间的问题。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">4.6 资源释放</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">当用户对存储资源使用完毕后，用户可以删除PVC，与该PVC绑定的PV将会被标记为“已释放”，但还不能立刻与其他PVC进行绑定。通过之前PVC写入的数据可能还被留在存储设备上，只有在清除之后该PV才能再次使用。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><h3 align="left">4.7 资源回收</h3><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">对于PV，可以设定回收策略，用于设置与之绑定的PVC释放资源之后如何处理遗留数据的问题。只有PV的存储空间完成回收，才能供新的PVC绑定和使用。</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">静态资源供应模式下，PV、PVC、StorageClass及Pod使用PVC的原理释义说明：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="center" style="line-height: normal; float: none; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="image"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"></font><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"><img width="854" height="494" title="clipboard" style="border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; max-width: none; background-image: none" alt="clipboard" src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/680719/202003/680719-20200326124211530-2111973413.png" border="0" data-attr-org-src-id="E2DCF82B6BDF4F93BFBBCB025B5BA619" data-media-type="image"></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">动态资源供应模式下，PV、PVC、StorageClass及Pod使用PVC的原理释义说明：</font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="center" style="line-height: normal; float: none; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="image"><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"></font><font face="微软雅黑" size="2"><img width="858" height="497" title="clipboard" style="border: 0 currentColor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; max-width: none; background-image: none" alt="clipboard" src="https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/680719/202003/680719-20200326124212503-298201842.png" border="0" data-attr-org-src-id="8C0F52D3BF7948C08DF41C12AB8286CC" data-media-type="image"></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><font color="#ff0000" face="微软雅黑" size="2"><strong>提示：更多StorageClass见《044.集群存储-StorageClass》。</strong></font></div><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">
</font><div align="left" style="line-height: 1.75; white-space: pre-wrap; -ms-word-break: normal" yne-bulb-block="paragraph"><span><font face="微软雅黑" size="2">更多存储类型参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/Irving/p/9847060.html</font></span></div>
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作者：木二
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出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/itzgr/
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