linux系统下oracle11gR2静默安装的经验分享
<p><span><strong>前言：</strong></span></p>
<p>
1、我的linux是64位的redhat6.5，安装的oracle版本是11.2.0的。</p>
<p>
2、我这是自己安装的linux虚拟机，主机名为ora11g，ip为192.168.100.122</p>
<p>
3、这台机器以前没有安装过oracle数据库，这是第一次安装；系统安装好了之后，仅仅只配了ip地址；所以新手完全可以按照我的步骤装一次oracle。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>准备工作：</strong></span></p>
<p>
1、确认主机名一致：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/hosts</code>
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在末尾添加 (#其中192.168.100.123为本机ip地址，ora11g为本机主机名，请根据服务器不同自行更改)</p>
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<code class="bash plain">192.168.100.123 ora11g</code>
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2、上传数据库安装压缩包，比如/home/下，并解压，会得到一个database的文件夹。</p>
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<span><strong>打系统补丁包</strong></span></p>
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<strong>1、建立光盘源</strong></p>
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1）查看光盘位置，可以看出/dev/sr0即为系统光盘文件</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># df -h</code>
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提示内容为</p>
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<code class="bash plain">filesystem size used avail use% mounted on</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda3</code> <code class="bash plain">26g 2.8g 22g 12% /</code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 936m 224k 936m 1% </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/shm</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda1</code> <code class="bash plain">194m 34m 151m 19% </code><code class="bash plain">/boot</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sr0</code> <code class="bash plain">3.6g 3.6g 0 100% </code><code class="bash plain">/media/rhel_6</code><code class="bash plain">.5 x86_64 disc 1</code>
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2）、挂载光盘 （挂载点为mnt目录）</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/</code>
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3）、创建本地yum源并编辑</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo</code>
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在redhat.repo中添加内容（#后面文字为说明，复制的时候请自行删除）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">name=redhat6.5 </code><code class="bash comments">#自定义名称</code>
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<code class="bash plain">baseurl=</code><code class="bash functions">file</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">///mnt/</code> <code class="bash comments">#本地光盘挂载路径</code>
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<code class="bash plain">enabled=1 </code><code class="bash comments">#启用yum源，0为不启用，1为启用</code>
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<code class="bash plain">gpgcheck=0 </code><code class="bash comments">#检查gpg-key，0为不启用</code>
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4）、把 yum.conf中的gpgcheck改为0</p>
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<code class="bash functions">vi</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/yum</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<p>
<strong>2、打补丁</strong></p>
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<code>rqm -qa | grep compat</code>(补丁包名) 为查看系统是否有这个补丁包</p>
<p>
<code>yum install compat</code>(补丁包名) 为安装这个补丁包</p>
<p>
1）、redhat6.5版本64位系统所需系统补丁截图</p>
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<img title="linux系统下oracle11gR2静默安装的经验分享" alt="linux系统下oracle11gR2静默安装的经验分享" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/a3845b7d70d19e5fda437e378a3a4ad2.jpg"></p>
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<img title="linux系统下oracle11gR2静默安装的经验分享" alt="linux系统下oracle11gR2静默安装的经验分享" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/d3bdb940c7fd26888bd8b348f98ad2d0.jpg"></p>
<p>
2）、打补丁（根据我系统安装的版本检查完后发现只需要安装以下补丁，这里不在赘述）</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install compat-libcap* </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install compat-libstdc++-33* </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install gcc*</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install glibc-devel-*.i686</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install libstdc++-devel*.i686</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install libaio*.i686</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install libaio-devel*</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install unixodbc*</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install unixodbc*.i686</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#yum install ksh</code>
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<p>
(ps:上述的包为我这个系统中没有的补丁包，在安装的时候针对不同系统有不同的情况，请注意。请对照图片中所列的补丁包一一确认，其中(*86_64)与(.i686)为不同的补丁包，i686的需要的后面加上.i686，可以参照上面的写法。)</p>
<p>
可以使用下面命令检验补丁包是否打完</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#rpm -q libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-devel</code>
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<span><strong>修改系统文件参数</strong></span></p>
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1、配置linux内核参数</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/sysctl.conf</code>
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注释掉kernel.shmmax与kernel.shmall，并追加以下内容</p>
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<code class="bash plain">kernel.shmmax = 68719476736</code>
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<code class="bash plain">kernel.shmall = 4294967296</code>
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<code class="bash plain">fs.</code><code class="bash functions">file</code><code class="bash plain">-max = 6815744</code>
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<code class="bash plain">kernel.shmmni = 4096</code>
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<code class="bash plain">kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128</code>
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<code class="bash plain">net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500</code>
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<code class="bash plain">net.core.rmem_default = 262144</code>
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<code class="bash plain">net.core.rmem_max = 4194304</code>
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<code class="bash plain">net.core.wmem_default = 262144</code>
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<code class="bash plain">net.core.wmem_max = 1048586</code>
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<code class="bash plain">fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576</code>
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2、配置资源使用情况</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/security/limits.conf</code>
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追加以下内容</p>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle soft nproc 2047</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle hard nproc 16384</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle soft nofile 1024</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle hard nofile 65536</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle hard stack 10240</code>
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3、登陆设置</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/pam.d/login</code>
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追加以下内容</p>
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<code class="bash plain">session required </code><code class="bash plain">/lib64/security/pam_limits</code><code class="bash plain">.so</code>
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<code class="bash plain">session required pam_limits.so</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/profile</code>
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<p>
追加以下内容</p>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $user = </code><code class="bash string">"oracle"</code> <code class="bash plain">]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $shell = </code><code class="bash string">"/bin/ksh"</code> <code class="bash plain">]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash functions">ulimit</code> <code class="bash plain">-p 16384</code>
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<code class="bash functions">ulimit</code> <code class="bash plain">-n 65536</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">else</code>
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<code class="bash functions">ulimit</code> <code class="bash plain">-u 16384 -n 65536</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<p>
4、关闭selinux ，确保selinux=disabled</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /etc/selinux/config</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>创建用户、用户组和安装目录</strong></span></p>
<p>
1、创建oinstall和dba组和oracle用户</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># groupadd oinstall</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># groupadd dba</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd -g oinstall -g dba oracle</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># passwd oracle</code>
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<code class="bash comments">##之后会输入两次oracle密码</code>
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<p>
2、创建安装目录并修改所属用户和组</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chown -r oracle:oinstall /u01/app/</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>修改环境变量</strong></span></p>
<p>
1、切换到oracle用户。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># su - oracle</code>
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<p>
2、修改环境变量</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">vi</code> <code class="bash plain">.bash_profile</code>
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<p>
追加以下内容</p>
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<code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">oracle_base=</code><code class="bash plain">/u01/app/oracle</code>
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<code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">oracle_home=$oracle_base</code><code class="bash plain">/product/11</code><code class="bash plain">.2.0</code><code class="bash plain">/db_1</code>
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<code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">oracle_sid=ora11g</code>
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<code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">path=$path:$home</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">:$oracle_home</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code>
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<code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">ld_library_path=$oracle_home</code><code class="bash plain">/lib</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>移动database文件</strong></span></p>
<p>
移动文件并修改权限等</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mv /home/database/ /u01/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chown -r oracle:oinstall database/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chmod -r 777 database/</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>下面才是正菜（静默安装oracle）</strong></span></p>
<p>
<strong>1、静默安装oracle软件</strong></p>
<p>
1）、编辑响应文件db_install.rsp</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp</code>
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<p>
需要修改的配置有以下内容（参考大神说明 http://blog.csdn.net/jameshadoop/article/details/48086933）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.option=install_db_swonly </code><code class="bash comments">#选择安装类型：1.只装数据库软件 2.安装数据库软件并建库 3.升级数据库</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle_hostname=ora11g </code><code class="bash comments">#指定操作系统主机名，通过hostname命令获得</code>
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<code class="bash plain">unix_group_name=oinstall </code><code class="bash comments">#指定oracle inventory目录的所有者，通常会是oinstall或者dba</code>
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</div>
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<code class="bash plain">inventory_location=</code><code class="bash plain">/u01/app/orainventory</code> <code class="bash comments">#指定产品清单oracle inventory目录的路径</code>
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<code class="bash plain">selected_languages=en,zh_cn,zh_tw </code><code class="bash comments">#指定数据库语言，可以选择多个，用逗号隔开</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle_home=</code><code class="bash plain">/u01/app/oracle/product/11</code><code class="bash plain">.2.0</code><code class="bash plain">/db_1</code> <code class="bash comments">#设置oralce_home的路径</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle_base=</code><code class="bash plain">/u01/app/oracle</code> <code class="bash comments"># 设置oralce_base的路径</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.installedition=ee </code><code class="bash comments">#选择oracle安装数据库软件的版本</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.iscustominstall=</code><code class="bash functions">false</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.dba_group=dba </code><code class="bash comments">#指定拥有osdba、osoper权限的用户组，通常会是dba组</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.oper_group=oinstall</code>
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</div>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.config.starterdb.</code><code class="bash functions">type</code><code class="bash plain">=general_purpose </code><code class="bash comments">#选择数据库的用途，一般用途/事物处理，数据仓库</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.config.starterdb.globaldbname=ora11g </code><code class="bash comments">#指定globalname</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.config.starterdb.sid=ora11g </code><code class="bash comments">#指定sid</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.config.starterdb.characterset=zhs16gbk </code><code class="bash comments">#选择字符集。不正确的字符集会给数据显示和存储带来麻烦无数。</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#通常中文选择的有zhs16gbk简体中文库，根据公司规定自行选择</code>
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<code class="bash plain">oracle.</code><code class="bash functions">install</code><code class="bash plain">.db.config.starterdb.password.all=123456 </code><code class="bash comments">#设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码，其它数据库用户就不用单独设置了。</code>
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<code class="bash plain">decline_security_updates=</code><code class="bash functions">true</code> <code class="bash comments"># false表示不需要设置安全更新，注意，在11.2的静默安装中疑似有一个bug</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># response file中必须指定为true，否则会提示错误,不管是否正确填写了邮件地址</code>
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</div>
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<p>
2）、切换到oracle用户进入到/u01/database目录下执行安装命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/u01/database/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ .</code><code class="bash plain">/runinstaller</code> <code class="bash plain">-silent -ignoreprereq responsefile </code><code class="bash plain">/u01/database/response/db_install</code><code class="bash plain">.rsp</code>
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<p>
使用root用户使用tail -f 查看实时日志，不赘述。</p>
<p>
3）、等到窗口出现以下命令时</p>
<p>
出现类似如下提示表示安装完成：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#-------------------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<code class="bash plain">...</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/u01/app/orainventory/orainstroot</code><code class="bash plain">.sh</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/u01/app/oracle/product/11</code><code class="bash plain">.2.0</code><code class="bash plain">/db_1/root</code><code class="bash plain">.sh</code>
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<code class="bash plain">to execute the configuration scripts:</code>
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<code class="bash plain">1. </code><code class="bash functions">open</code> <code class="bash plain">a terminal window </code>
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<code class="bash plain">2. log </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">as </code><code class="bash string">"root"</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">3. run the scripts </code>
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<code class="bash plain">4. </code><code class="bash keyword">return</code> <code class="bash plain">to this window and hit </code><code class="bash string">"enter"</code> <code class="bash plain">key to </code><code class="bash keyword">continue</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">successfully setup software.</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#-------------------------------------------------------------------</code>
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<p>
新开窗口使用root用户登陆并执行以下命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /u01/app/orainventory/orainstroot.sh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh</code>
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<p>
<strong>oracle软件安装完成。</strong></p>
<p>
2、静默安装监听，（ $oracle_home/bin/netca /silent /responsefile u01/database/response/netca.rsp）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash plain">/u01/app/oracle/product/11</code><code class="bash plain">.2.0</code><code class="bash plain">/db_1/bin/netca</code> <code class="bash plain">/silent</code> <code class="bash plain">/responsefile</code> <code class="bash plain">/u01/database/response/netca</code><code class="bash plain">.rsp</code>
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<p>
3、静默建库</p>
<p>
1）、编辑dbca.rsp</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vi /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp</code>
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修改配置如下</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#以下内容不要修改</code>
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<code class="bash plain">responsefile_version = </code><code class="bash string">"11.2.0"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">operation_type = </code><code class="bash string">"createdatabase"</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#以下内容必须设置</code>
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<code class="bash plain">gdbname = </code><code class="bash string">"ora11g"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">sid = </code><code class="bash string">"ora11g"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">templatename = </code><code class="bash string">"general_purpose.dbc"</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#以下内容根据需要修改</code>
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<code class="bash plain">characterset = </code><code class="bash string">"zhs16gbk"</code>
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<p>
2）、使用oracle用户执行建库命令（注意执行监听的时候是 /silent /responsefile 而执行建库则是 -silent -responsefile）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash plain">/u01/app/oracle/product/11</code><code class="bash plain">.2.0</code><code class="bash plain">/db_1/bin/dbca</code> <code class="bash plain">-silent -responsefile </code><code class="bash plain">/u01/database/response/dbca</code><code class="bash plain">.rsp</code>
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<p>
之后会提示输入sys和system的密码，我的都是123456，所有输入2次都是一样的。（我这里命令行会先删除界面的内容才可以输入，不知道是不是系统的原因还是别的导致的）</p>
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界面会提示安装进度</p>
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<code class="bash plain">copying database files</code>
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<code class="bash plain">...</code>
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<code class="bash plain">37% complete</code>
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<code class="bash plain">creating and starting oracle instance</code>
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<code class="bash plain">...</code>
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<code class="bash plain">62% complete</code>
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<code class="bash plain">completing database creation</code>
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<code class="bash plain">...</code>
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<code class="bash plain">100% complete</code>
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<code class="bash functions">look</code> <code class="bash plain">at the log </code><code class="bash functions">file</code> <code class="bash string">"/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log"</code> <code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">further details.</code>
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<p>
之后就完成了数据库的安装。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/lpdong/p/6266281.html</p>
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