python graphviz的使用(画图工具)

老男孩爱篮球 發表於 2019-9-1 13:33:00

参考文章1 
参考文章2
<h3>一、graphviz安装及配置</h3>
graphviz实际上是一个绘图工具，可以根据dot脚本画出树形图等。
 
<h4>1、windows安装</h4>
<ol>
<li>安装graphviz软件：https://graphviz.gitlab.io/_pages/Download/Download_windows.html</li>
<li>配置环境变量：把bin文件夹的路径加入到环境变量path里</li>
<li>安装python的graphviz模块：pip install graphviz</li>

</ol>
 
<h4>2、linux centos7安装</h4>
<ol>
<li>yum下载graphviz软件：yum -y install graphviz</li>
<li>安装python的graphviz模块：pip install graphviz</li>
<li>测试：which dot</li>

</ol>
 
<h3>二、graphviz的使用</h3>
graphviz 有两种图，一种是无向图 <code>graph</code> ，边用 <code>--</code> 连接，一种是有向图 <code>digraph</code> ，边用 <code>-></code> 连接
<h4>1、初步认识</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>from graphviz import Digraph

# 实例化一个Digraph对象(有向图)，name:生成的图片的图片名，format:生成的图片格式
dot = Digraph(name="MyPicture", comment="the test", format="png")

# 生成图片节点，name：这个节点对象的名称，label:节点名,color：画节点的线的颜色
dot.node(name='a', label='Ming', color='green')
dot.node(name='b', label='Hong', color='yellow')
dot.node(name='c', label='Dong')

# 在节点之间画线，label：线上显示的文本,color:线的颜色
dot.edge('a', 'b', label="ab\na-b", color='red')
# 一次性画多条线，c到b的线，a到c的线
dot.edges(['cb', 'ac'])

# 打印生成的源代码
print(dot.source)

# 画图，filename:图片的名称，若无filename，则使用Digraph对象的name，默认会有gv后缀
# directory:图片保存的路径，默认是在当前路径下保存
dot.view(filename="mypicture", directory="D:\MyTest")

# 跟view一样的用法(render跟view选择一个即可)，一般用render生成图片，不使用view=True,view=True用在调试的时候
dot.render(filename='MyPicture', directory="D:\MyTest",view=True)</pre>
</div>
使用node()和edge()或edges()方法将节点和边添加到图形对象：
<ul>
<li>Digraph()：实例化一个图形对象</li>
<li>node()：方法第一个参数是name，第二个参数是label，即node画节点</li>
<li><code>edges()：</code>方法可以一次添加多个边, 每个边用字符串表示, 比如 <code>cb </code>表示从 c 到 b 的边，即edges画边</li>
<li><code>edge()：</code>方法一次添加一个边</li>
<li>view()：把图形画出来，并自动显示图片(弹出来),一般使用view()进行调试</li>
<li>render()：把图形画出来，一般使用render保存图片的时候，view=False(不弹出图片)</li>
</ul>
调试推荐使用 view()
保存图片推荐使用 render(view=False)
 
<h4>2、字体乱码</h4>
中文的label默认是无法正确显示在图中的, 因为默认的字体并不支持中文, 需要我们为node设置字体。
<div class="cnblogs_code"><img id="code_img_closed_ae3190fa-c376-4604-94b5-36cde03bab97" class="code_img_closed" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt=""><img id="code_img_opened_ae3190fa-c376-4604-94b5-36cde03bab97" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_ae3190fa-c376-4604-94b5-36cde03bab97" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre># 有些字体是需要下载的，默认使用Microsoft YaHei就好

0、字体样式微软雅黑：Microsoft YaHei

1、字体样式华文黑体：STHeiti

2、字体样式华文楷体：STKaiti

3、字体样式华文宋体：STSong

4、字体样式华文仿宋：STFangsong

5、字体样式黑体：SimHei

6、字体样式宋体：SimSun

7、字体样式新宋体：NSimSun

8、字体样式仿宋：FangSong

9、字体样式楷体：KaiTi

10、字体样式仿宋_GB2312：FangSong_GB2312

11、字体样式楷体_GB2312：KaiTi_GB2312

12、字体样式微软正黑体：Microsoft JhengHei

13、字体样式微软雅黑体：Microsoft YaHei

14、字体样式隶书：LiSu

15、字体样式幼圆：YouYuan

16、字体样式华文细黑：STXihei

17、字体样式华文楷体：STKaiti

18、字体样式华文宋体：STSong

19、字体样式华文中宋：STZhongsong

20、字体样式华文仿宋：STFangsong

21、字体样式方正舒体：FZShuTi

22、字体样式方正姚体：FZYaoti

23、字体样式华文彩云：STCaiyun

24、字体样式华文琥珀：STHupo

25、字体样式华文隶书：STLiti

26、字体样式华文行楷：STXingkai

27、字体样式华文新魏：STXinwei</pre>
</div>
字体样式</div>
 
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>from graphviz import Digraph

dot = Digraph(name="MyPicture", format="png")
dot.node(name="A", label="老师", fontname="Microsoft YaHei")
dot.node('B', '学生', fontname="Microsoft YaHei")
dot.edge("A", "B", label="教学", fontname="Microsoft YaHei")
dot.render(filename="MyPicture")</pre>
</div>
 
<h4>3、无向图</h4>
用法跟有向图一样
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>from graphviz import Graph

# 无向图
dot = Graph(name="MyPicture", format="png")

dot.node("People")
dot.node("Home")
dot.edge("People", "Home")
dot.view(filename="MyPicture")</pre>
</div>
 
<h3>三、属性(样式)说明</h3>
<h4>node节点属性如下 </h4>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr><th width="19%">Name</th><th width="21%">Default</th><th width="60%">Values</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>color</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>node shape color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>comment</td>
<td> </td>
<td>any string (format-dependent)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>distortion</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>node distortion for shape=polygon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fillcolor</td>
<td>lightgrey/black</td>
<td>node fill color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fixedsize</td>
<td>false</td>
<td>label text has no affect on node size</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontcolor</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>type face color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontname</td>
<td>Times-Roman</td>
<td>font family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontsize</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>point size of label</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>group</td>
<td> </td>
<td>name of node’s group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>height</td>
<td>.5</td>
<td>height in inches</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>label</td>
<td>node name</td>
<td>any string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>layer</td>
<td>overlay range</td>
<td>all, id or id:id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>orientation</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>node rotation angle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>peripheries</td>
<td>shape-dependent</td>
<td>number of node boundaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>regular</td>
<td>false</td>
<td>force polygon to be regular</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shape</td>
<td>ellipse</td>
<td>node shape; see Section 2.1 and Appendix E</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shapefile</td>
<td> </td>
<td>external EPSF or SVG custom shape file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sides</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>number of sides for shape=polygon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>skew</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>skewing of node for shape=polygon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>style</td>
<td> </td>
<td>graphics options, e.g. bold, dotted, filled; cf. Section 2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>URL</td>
<td> </td>
<td>URL associated with node (format-dependent)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>width</td>
<td>.75</td>
<td>width in inches</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>z</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>z coordinate for VRML output</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
 
<h4>edge边框属性</h4>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr><th width="19%">Name</th><th width="18%">Default</th><th width="63%">Values</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>arrowhead</td>
<td>normal</td>
<td>style of arrowhead at head end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>arrowsize</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>scaling factor for arrowheads</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>arrowtail</td>
<td>normal</td>
<td>style of arrowhead at tail end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>color</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>edge stroke color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>comment</td>
<td> </td>
<td>any string (format-dependent)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>constraint</td>
<td>true</td>
<td>use edge to affect node ranking</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>decorate</td>
<td> </td>
<td>if set, draws a line connecting labels with their edges</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dir</td>
<td>forward</td>
<td>forward, back, both, or none</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontcolor</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>type face color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontname</td>
<td>Times-Roman</td>
<td>font family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontsize</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>point size of label</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>headlabel</td>
<td> </td>
<td>label placed near head of edge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>headport</td>
<td> </td>
<td>n,ne,e,se,s,sw,w,nw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>headURL</td>
<td> </td>
<td>URL attached to head label if output format is ismap</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>label</td>
<td> </td>
<td>edge label</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labelangle</td>
<td>-25.0</td>
<td>angle in degrees which head or tail label is rotated off edge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labeldistance</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>scaling factor for distance of head or tail label from node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labelfloat</td>
<td>false</td>
<td>lessen constraints on edge label placement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labelfontcolor</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>type face color for head and tail labels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labelfontname</td>
<td>Times-Roman</td>
<td>font family for head and tail labels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labelfontsize</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>point size for head and tail labels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>layer</td>
<td>overlay range</td>
<td>all, id or id:id</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>lhead</td>
<td> </td>
<td>name of cluster to use as head of edge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ltail</td>
<td> </td>
<td>name of cluster to use as tail of edge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>minlen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>minimum rank distance between head and tail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>samehead</td>
<td> </td>
<td>tag for head node; edge heads with the same tag are</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sametail</td>
<td> </td>
<td>merged onto the same port</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>style</td>
<td> </td>
<td>tag for tail node; edge tails with the same tag are merged onto the same port</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>taillabel</td>
<td> </td>
<td>graphics options, e.g. bold, dotted, filled; cf. Section 2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tailport</td>
<td> </td>
<td>label placed near tail of edge n,ne,e,se,s,sw,w,nw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tailURL</td>
<td> </td>
<td>URL attached to tail label if output format is ismap</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>weight</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>integer cost of stretching an edge</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
 
<h4>Digraph图属性如下</h4>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr><th width="18%">Name</th><th width="17%">Default</th><th width="65%">Values</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>bgcolor</td>
<td> </td>
<td>background color for drawing, plus initial fill color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>center</td>
<td>false</td>
<td>center drawing on page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>clusterrank</td>
<td>local</td>
<td>may be global or none</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>color</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>for clusters, outline color, and fill color if fillcolor not defined</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>comment</td>
<td> </td>
<td>any string (format-dependent)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>compound</td>
<td>false</td>
<td>allow edges between clusters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>concentrate</td>
<td>false</td>
<td>enables edge concentrators</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fillcolor</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>cluster fill color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontcolor</td>
<td>black</td>
<td>type face color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontname</td>
<td>Times-Roman</td>
<td>font family</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontpath</td>
<td> </td>
<td>list of directories to search for fonts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fontsize</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>point size of label</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>label</td>
<td> </td>
<td>any string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labeljust</td>
<td>centered</td>
<td>”l” and ”r” for left- and right-justified cluster labels, respectively</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>labelloc</td>
<td>top</td>
<td>”t” and ”b” for top- and bottom-justified cluster labels, respectively</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>layers</td>
<td> </td>
<td>id:id:id…</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>margin</td>
<td>.5</td>
<td>margin included in page, inches</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mclimit</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>scale factor for mincross iterations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nodesep</td>
<td>.25</td>
<td>separation between nodes, in inches.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nslimit</td>
<td> </td>
<td>if set to f, bounds network simplex iterations by (f)(number of nodes) when setting x-coordinates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nslimit1</td>
<td> </td>
<td>if set to f, bounds network simplex iterations by (f)(number of nodes) when ranking nodes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ordering</td>
<td> </td>
<td>if out out edge order is preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>orientation</td>
<td>portrait</td>
<td>if rotate is not used and the value is landscape, use landscape orientation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>page</td>
<td> </td>
<td>unit of pagination, e.g. “8.5,11”</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pagedir</td>
<td>BL</td>
<td>traversal order of pages</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>quantum</td>
<td> </td>
<td>if quantum ¿ 0.0, node label dimensions will be rounded to integral multiples of quantum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rank</td>
<td> </td>
<td>same, min, max, source or sink</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rankdir</td>
<td>TB</td>
<td>LR (left to right) or TB (top to bottom)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ranksep</td>
<td>.75</td>
<td>separation between ranks, in inches.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ratio</td>
<td> </td>
<td>approximate aspect ratio desired, fill or auto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>remincross</td>
<td> </td>
<td>if true and there are multiple clusters, re-run crossing minimization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rotate</td>
<td> </td>
<td>If 90, set orientation to landscape</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>samplepoints</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>number of points used to represent ellipses and circles on output (cf. Appendix C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>searchsize</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>maximum edges with negative cut values to check when looking for a minimum one during network simplex</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>size</td>
<td> </td>
<td>maximum drawing size, in inches</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>style</td>
<td> </td>
<td>graphics options, e.g. filled for clusters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>URL</td>
<td> </td>
<td>URL associated with graph (format-dependent)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
 
<h4>例子</h4>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>"""使用graph_attr, node_attr, edge_attr参数, 你可以更改图中节点和边的显示样式"""

from graphviz import Digraph

# 可以在实例化对象的时候设置样式
dot = Digraph(name="MyPicture", node_attr={"shape": "plaintext"}, format="png")

# 也可以实例化之后, 设置这些样式
dot.graph_attr['rankdir'] = 'LR'
dot.edge_attr.update(arrowhead='vee', arrowsize='2')

# 然后开始画图
dot.node("Dog")
dot.node("Cat")
dot.edge("Dog", "Cat")

dot.view(filename="MyPicture")</pre>
</div>
 
<h3>四、官网</h3>
官方文档
官网
  
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/Zzbj/p/11431015.html

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python graphviz的使用(画图工具)