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参考文章1
参考文章2
一、graphviz安装及配置
graphviz实际上是一个绘图工具，可以根据dot脚本画出树形图等。
1、windows安装
- 安装graphviz软件：https://graphviz.gitlab.io/_pages/Download/Download_windows.html
- 配置环境变量：把bin文件夹的路径加入到环境变量path里
- 安装python的graphviz模块：pip install graphviz
2、linux centos7安装
- yum下载graphviz软件：yum -y install graphviz
- 安装python的graphviz模块：pip install graphviz
- 测试：which dot
二、graphviz的使用
graphviz 有两种图，一种是无向图 graph ，边用 -- 连接，一种是有向图 digraph ，边用 -> 连接
1、初步认识
from graphviz import Digraph
# 实例化一个Digraph对象(有向图)，name:生成的图片的图片名，format:生成的图片格式
dot = Digraph(name="MyPicture", comment="the test", format="png")
# 生成图片节点，name：这个节点对象的名称，label:节点名,color：画节点的线的颜色
dot.node(name='a', label='Ming', color='green')
dot.node(name='b', label='Hong', color='yellow')
dot.node(name='c', label='Dong')
# 在节点之间画线，label：线上显示的文本,color:线的颜色
dot.edge('a', 'b', label="ab\na-b", color='red')
# 一次性画多条线，c到b的线，a到c的线
dot.edges(['cb', 'ac'])
# 打印生成的源代码
print(dot.source)
# 画图，filename:图片的名称，若无filename，则使用Digraph对象的name，默认会有gv后缀
# directory:图片保存的路径，默认是在当前路径下保存
dot.view(filename="mypicture", directory="D:\MyTest")
# 跟view一样的用法(render跟view选择一个即可)，一般用render生成图片，不使用view=True,view=True用在调试的时候
dot.render(filename='MyPicture', directory="D:\MyTest",view=True)
使用node()和edge()或edges()方法将节点和边添加到图形对象：
- Digraph()：实例化一个图形对象
- node()：方法第一个参数是name，第二个参数是label，即node画节点
edges()：方法可以一次添加多个边, 每个边用字符串表示, 比如 cb 表示从 c 到 b 的边，即edges画边edge()：方法一次添加一个边- view()：把图形画出来，并自动显示图片(弹出来),一般使用view()进行调试
- render()：把图形画出来，一般使用render保存图片的时候，view=False(不弹出图片)
调试推荐使用 view()
保存图片推荐使用 render(view=False)
2、字体乱码
中文的label默认是无法正确显示在图中的, 因为默认的字体并不支持中文, 需要我们为node设置字体。
# 有些字体是需要下载的，默认使用Microsoft YaHei就好
0、字体样式微软雅黑：Microsoft YaHei
1、字体样式华文黑体：STHeiti
2、字体样式华文楷体：STKaiti
3、字体样式华文宋体：STSong
4、字体样式华文仿宋：STFangsong
5、字体样式黑体：SimHei
6、字体样式宋体：SimSun
7、字体样式新宋体：NSimSun
8、字体样式仿宋：FangSong
9、字体样式楷体：KaiTi
10、字体样式仿宋_GB2312：FangSong_GB2312
11、字体样式楷体_GB2312：KaiTi_GB2312
12、字体样式微软正黑体：Microsoft JhengHei
13、字体样式微软雅黑体：Microsoft YaHei
14、字体样式隶书：LiSu
15、字体样式幼圆：YouYuan
16、字体样式华文细黑：STXihei
17、字体样式华文楷体：STKaiti
18、字体样式华文宋体：STSong
19、字体样式华文中宋：STZhongsong
20、字体样式华文仿宋：STFangsong
21、字体样式方正舒体：FZShuTi
22、字体样式方正姚体：FZYaoti
23、字体样式华文彩云：STCaiyun
24、字体样式华文琥珀：STHupo
25、字体样式华文隶书：STLiti
26、字体样式华文行楷：STXingkai
27、字体样式华文新魏：STXinwei
字体样式
from graphviz import Digraph
dot = Digraph(name="MyPicture", format="png")
dot.node(name="A", label="老师", fontname="Microsoft YaHei")
dot.node('B', '学生', fontname="Microsoft YaHei")
dot.edge("A", "B", label="教学", fontname="Microsoft YaHei")
dot.render(filename="MyPicture")
3、无向图
用法跟有向图一样
from graphviz import Graph
# 无向图
dot = Graph(name="MyPicture", format="png")
dot.node("People")
dot.node("Home")
dot.edge("People", "Home")
dot.view(filename="MyPicture")
三、属性(样式)说明
node节点属性如下
| Name | Default | Values |
|---|
| color |
black |
node shape color |
| comment |
|
any string (format-dependent) |
| distortion |
0.0 |
node distortion for shape=polygon |
| fillcolor |
lightgrey/black |
node fill color |
| fixedsize |
false |
label text has no affect on node size |
| fontcolor |
black |
type face color |
| fontname |
Times-Roman |
font family |
| fontsize |
14 |
point size of label |
| group |
|
name of node’s group |
| height |
.5 |
height in inches |
| label |
node name |
any string |
| layer |
overlay range |
all, id or id:id |
| orientation |
0.0 |
node rotation angle |
| peripheries |
shape-dependent |
number of node boundaries |
| regular |
false |
force polygon to be regular |
| shape |
ellipse |
node shape; see Section 2.1 and Appendix E |
| shapefile |
|
external EPSF or SVG custom shape file |
| sides |
4 |
number of sides for shape=polygon |
| skew |
0.0 |
skewing of node for shape=polygon |
| style |
|
graphics options, e.g. bold, dotted, filled; cf. Section 2.3 |
| URL |
|
URL associated with node (format-dependent) |
| width |
.75 |
width in inches |
| z |
0.0 |
z coordinate for VRML output |
edge边框属性
| Name | Default | Values |
|---|
| arrowhead |
normal |
style of arrowhead at head end |
| arrowsize |
1.0 |
scaling factor for arrowheads |
| arrowtail |
normal |
style of arrowhead at tail end |
| color |
black |
edge stroke color |
| comment |
|
any string (format-dependent) |
| constraint |
true |
use edge to affect node ranking |
| decorate |
|
if set, draws a line connecting labels with their edges |
| dir |
forward |
forward, back, both, or none |
| fontcolor |
black |
type face color |
| fontname |
Times-Roman |
font family |
| fontsize |
14 |
point size of label |
| headlabel |
|
label placed near head of edge |
| headport |
|
n,ne,e,se,s,sw,w,nw |
| headURL |
|
URL attached to head label if output format is ismap |
| label |
|
edge label |
| labelangle |
-25.0 |
angle in degrees which head or tail label is rotated off edge |
| labeldistance |
1.0 |
scaling factor for distance of head or tail label from node |
| labelfloat |
false |
lessen constraints on edge label placement |
| labelfontcolor |
black |
type face color for head and tail labels |
| labelfontname |
Times-Roman |
font family for head and tail labels |
| labelfontsize |
14 |
point size for head and tail labels |
| layer |
overlay range |
all, id or id:id |
| lhead |
|
name of cluster to use as head of edge |
| ltail |
|
name of cluster to use as tail of edge |
| minlen |
1 |
minimum rank distance between head and tail |
| samehead |
|
tag for head node; edge heads with the same tag are |
| sametail |
|
merged onto the same port |
| style |
|
tag for tail node; edge tails with the same tag are merged onto the same port |
| taillabel |
|
graphics options, e.g. bold, dotted, filled; cf. Section 2.3 |
| tailport |
|
label placed near tail of edge n,ne,e,se,s,sw,w,nw |
| tailURL |
|
URL attached to tail label if output format is ismap |
| weight |
1 |
integer cost of stretching an edge |
Digraph图属性如下
| Name | Default | Values |
|---|
| bgcolor |
|
background color for drawing, plus initial fill color |
| center |
false |
center drawing on page |
| clusterrank |
local |
may be global or none |
| color |
black |
for clusters, outline color, and fill color if fillcolor not defined |
| comment |
|
any string (format-dependent) |
| compound |
false |
allow edges between clusters |
| concentrate |
false |
enables edge concentrators |
| fillcolor |
black |
cluster fill color |
| fontcolor |
black |
type face color |
| fontname |
Times-Roman |
font family |
| fontpath |
|
list of directories to search for fonts |
| fontsize |
14 |
point size of label |
| label |
|
any string |
| labeljust |
centered |
”l” and ”r” for left- and right-justified cluster labels, respectively |
| labelloc |
top |
”t” and ”b” for top- and bottom-justified cluster labels, respectively |
| layers |
|
id:id:id… |
| margin |
.5 |
margin included in page, inches |
| mclimit |
1.0 |
scale factor for mincross iterations |
| nodesep |
.25 |
separation between nodes, in inches. |
| nslimit |
|
if set to f, bounds network simplex iterations by (f)(number of nodes) when setting x-coordinates |
| nslimit1 |
|
if set to f, bounds network simplex iterations by (f)(number of nodes) when ranking nodes |
| ordering |
|
if out out edge order is preserved |
| orientation |
portrait |
if rotate is not used and the value is landscape, use landscape orientation |
| page |
|
unit of pagination, e.g. “8.5,11” |
| pagedir |
BL |
traversal order of pages |
| quantum |
|
if quantum ¿ 0.0, node label dimensions will be rounded to integral multiples of quantum |
| rank |
|
same, min, max, source or sink |
| rankdir |
TB |
LR (left to right) or TB (top to bottom) |
| ranksep |
.75 |
separation between ranks, in inches. |
| ratio |
|
approximate aspect ratio desired, fill or auto |
| remincross |
|
if true and there are multiple clusters, re-run crossing minimization |
| rotate |
|
If 90, set orientation to landscape |
| samplepoints |
8 |
number of points used to represent ellipses and circles on output (cf. Appendix C |
| searchsize |
30 |
maximum edges with negative cut values to check when looking for a minimum one during network simplex |
| size |
|
maximum drawing size, in inches |
| style |
|
graphics options, e.g. filled for clusters |
| URL |
|
URL associated with graph (format-dependent) |
例子
"""使用graph_attr, node_attr, edge_attr参数, 你可以更改图中节点和边的显示样式"""
from graphviz import Digraph
# 可以在实例化对象的时候设置样式
dot = Digraph(name="MyPicture", node_attr={"shape": "plaintext"}, format="png")
# 也可以实例化之后, 设置这些样式
dot.graph_attr['rankdir'] = 'LR'
dot.edge_attr.update(arrowhead='vee', arrowsize='2')
# 然后开始画图
dot.node("Dog")
dot.node("Cat")
dot.edge("Dog", "Cat")
dot.view(filename="MyPicture")
四、官网
官方文档
官网
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/Zzbj/p/11431015.html |
發表於 2019-9-1 13:33:00
