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骑行客 發表於 2024-9-12 14:27:00

主流Linux发行版本区别(CentOS、麒麟、Ubuntu)

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<h1 id="kx5Pc" data-lake-index-type="2">1. <span class="ne-text">基础操作与系统基本配置</span></h1>
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<p id="ue7bb708c" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></span></p>
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<p id="u6b1f5f53" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></span></p>
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<p id="uba2168e1" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></span></p>
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<p id="ua2dbb88f" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></span></p>
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<p id="udcc481d9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">版本与内核</span></p>
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<p id="ua698748f" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">CentOS 7.9 内核:3.10.0</span></p>
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<p id="u96f793ce" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">Kylin v10 sp3 内核:4.19.90</span></p>
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<p id="u821db518" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text"> Ubuntu 20.04 lts 内核:5.4.0(20.04 ) 5.15(22.04 )</span></p>
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<p id="u4b3a42a8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">密码要求</span></p>
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<p id="u202dc751" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">随意</span></p>
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<p id="u83a375e5" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">8位并且大写,小写,数字,特殊符号 4种中3种</span></p>
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<p id="ufcf1206b" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">随意</span></p>
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<p id="uc0a46faf" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">登录用户</span></p>
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<p id="u1b7cc8f6" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">root</span></p>
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<p id="uf4d275d2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">root</span></p>
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<p id="ubb0ac48c" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">普通用户,通过sudo su -切换为root.</span></p>
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<p id="u11fa401d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">有区别的命令</span></p>
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<p id="u2c7ba7e9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">vi/vim 2个命令在/bin/</span></p>
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<p id="u3553eaa6" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">vi/vim 2个命令在/bin/</span></p>
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<td width="238">
<p id="ub56b78b1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">vi/vim是一个命令vim.basic</span></p>
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<p id="u5268257f" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">修改查看主机名</span></p>
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<p id="ub445da3d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">hostnamectl/hostname</span></p>
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<p id="uc7051593" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">hostnamectl/hostname</span></p>
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<p id="ufcebb35b" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">hostnamectl/hostname</span></p>
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<td width="199">
<p id="ue1e54959" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">登录后欢迎信息</span></p>
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<p id="ub17d8de7" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/motd</span></p>
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<p id="ua4180809" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/motd</span></p>
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<p id="u3154e0c3" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/motd</span></p>
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<p id="u073420dc" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">开机自启动文件</span></p>
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<p id="u8002f647" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">软连接:/etc/rc.local </span></p>
<p id="u2dd007ab" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">原始:/etc/rc.d/rc.local</span></p>
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<p id="ud78f6a09" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">软连接:/etc/rc.local </span></p>
<p id="ud7b48db1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">原始:/etc/rc.d/rc.local</span></p>
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<p id="ua7d6eaf2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/rc.local 原始文件,使用前记得检查权限</span></p>
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<p id="ue94def38" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">用户登录信息日志</span></p>
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<p id="udc465d56" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/secure</span></p>
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<p id="u352bae71" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/secure</span></p>
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<p id="udceb7cff" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/auth.log</span></p>
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<td width="199">
<p id="u1958a249" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">系统默认日志/服务日志</span></p>
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<p id="ud6aa646d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/messages</span></p>
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<p id="u5fc37b4d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/messages</span></p>
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<p id="u5ca15fea" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/syslog</span></p>
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<p id="u0854c0c8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">添加用户</span></p>
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<p id="u650b0677" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">useradd/adduser是1个人命令,软连接关系</span></p>
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<p id="u70ee7c47" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">useradd/adduser是1个人命令,软连接关系</span></p>
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<p id="ua7624408" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">2个命令</span></p>
<p id="ua85108d1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">useradd需要指定命令解释器为</span></p>
<p id="u30603725" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">-s /bin/bash</span></p>
<p id="ude4c18b0" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">adduser 交互式</span></p>
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<p id="udd67c8f8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">设置密码(非交互)</span></p>
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<p id="uad100de3" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">passwd 有--stdin选项</span></p>
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<p id="u539c3de9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">passwd 有--stdin选项</span></p>
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<p id="u06813929" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">passwd 没有 chpasswd命令修改</span></p>
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<p id="u03f5519a" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">sudo</span></p>
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<p id="uc30399dc" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">visudo </span></p>
<p id="ufb5c469a" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/sudoers</span></p>
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<p id="u1270bd44" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">visudo </span></p>
<p id="u4e0662d2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/sudoers</span></p>
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<p id="u1e63aa7b" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">visudo 默认是nano编辑器</span></p>
<p id="u7da2bc1b" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">修改/etc/sudoers,在Defaults后面添加</span></p>
<p id="u1de797b2" class="ne-p"><code class="ne-code"><span class="ne-text">Defaults editor=/usr/bin/vim, env_editor</span></code></p>
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<p id="u509e5175" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/tmp/目录</span></p>
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<p id="u013f539d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">默认属于根分区</span></p>
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<p id="uf65e1fce" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">独立分区,tmpfs类型,断电后内容丢失,大小较小,一般是内存的一半</span></p>
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<p id="ub08b9b6d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">默认属于根分区</span></p>
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<p id="udeadfa7f" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">救援模式</span></p>
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<p id="ud6f8ae70" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">正常进入即可</span></p>
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<p id="u6a538b83" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">grub菜单密码root </span><span class="ne-text">Kylin123123</span></p>
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<p id="uf1cbacb1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">直接使用</span></p>
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<p id="u3e994260" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">selinux</span></p>
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<p id="uc80324fb" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">开启</span></p>
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<p id="uc211bbde" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">关闭</span></p>
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<p id="ub5aad462" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">无</span></p>
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<p id="u89e5700a" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">防火墙</span></p>
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<p id="u4cc37287" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">firewalld</span></p>
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<p id="u7d7fe973" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">firewalld</span></p>
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<p id="u6d339358" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">ufw</span></p>
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<p id="ue14d45e4" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">时间修改</span></p>
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<p id="u4df323d1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">随意修改</span></p>
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<td width="178">
<p id="u930d9ce6" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">随意修改</span></p>
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<p id="u23415b2a" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">修改后自动修改时间</span></p>
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<p id="u43d5c935" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">zlib</span></p>
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<p id="u0ab76924" class="ne-p"></p>
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<p id="u44ab18b9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">1.2.11</span></p>
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<p id="ue5757138" class="ne-p"></p>
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<p id="u3bcac882" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">openssl</span></p>
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<p id="u934f844a" class="ne-p"></p>
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<p id="u55b1a341" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">1.1.1f</span></p>
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<p id="uf5a0757c" class="ne-p"></p>
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<p id="udc2fe9bc" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">openssh</span></p>
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<td width="194">
<p id="u00d8492b" class="ne-p"></p>
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<p id="uab9417e2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">8.2p1</span></p>
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<td width="238">
<p id="u90774239" class="ne-p"></p>
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<p id="ucd05aadd" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">glibc</span></p>
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<p id="uc73820ac" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">2.28</span></p>
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<p id="u6bcaeae9" class="ne-p"></p>
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<h1 id="i7G3Q" data-lake-index-type="2">2. <span class="ne-text">用户管理</span></h1>
<h2 id="xsm0u" data-lake-index-type="2">2.1. <span class="ne-text">麒麟添加用户删除后无法重新创建相同uid的用户</span></h2>
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<p id="u2d6583bf" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">sp2故障,sp3目前OK.麒麟把用户的uid记录在/etc/uid_list中.如果里面有用过的uid,则需要删除后才能继续使用</span></p>
<p id="uac5fca7d" class="ne-p"><img class="ne-image lazyload" width="1019.090887002709" data-src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2024/jpeg/35095950/1709104776502-a6853fa1-3292-4cc6-8d4e-894a22c8ea48.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fwatermark%2Ctype_d3F5LW1pY3JvaGVp%2Csize_32%2Ctext_5p2O5a-8OTk2%2Ccolor_FFFFFF%2Cshadow_50%2Ct_80%2Cg_se%2Cx_10%2Cy_10"></p>
<p id="u8486a058" class="ne-p"><img class="ne-image lazyload" width="735.4545295139978" data-src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2024/png/35095950/1709104785017-6942a0d5-4adb-4eb6-830c-1bfdcb0de52c.png?x-oss-process=image%2Fwatermark%2Ctype_d3F5LW1pY3JvaGVp%2Csize_23%2Ctext_5p2O5a-8OTk2%2Ccolor_FFFFFF%2Cshadow_50%2Ct_80%2Cg_se%2Cx_10%2Cy_10"></p>
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<h1 id="Yb0tU" data-lake-index-type="2">3. <span class="ne-text">软件包管理</span></h1>
<h2 id="n99wK" data-lake-index-type="2">3.1. <span class="ne-text">操作指令</span></h2>
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<p id="u1144c4e0" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="uc02f42f7" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ucb612227" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></span></p>
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<td width="238">
<p id="u75a7866e" class="ne-p"><span style="color: rgba(53, 152, 219, 1)"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></span></p>
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<p id="ue34762c7" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">安装软件</span></p>
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<p id="u4c1aa045" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum install -y </span></p>
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<p id="u29514a46" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum install -y </span></p>
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<p id="u223ffbb7" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">apt update (配置或修改apt源)</span></p>
<p id="ufd46a52e" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">apt install -y </span></p>
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<td width="227">
<p id="ubfb95851" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">查看软件</span></p>
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<td width="194">
<p id="u0b1c1190" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -qa </span></p>
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<td width="178">
<p id="u0337d56f" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -qa </span></p>
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<td width="238">
<p id="u29e0737f" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">dpkg -l </span></p>
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<td width="227">
<p id="u7ef0270e" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">查看软件包内容</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u6eb86ab0" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -ql</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uab00060a" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -ql</span></p>
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<td width="238">
<p id="u38c139c8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">dpkg -L</span></p>
</td>
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<td width="227">
<p id="u513d4802" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">删除软件</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="uffc2f3f3" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -e</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u8d7ec415" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -e</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ueb5b1955" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">dpkg -r(remove) </span></p>
<p id="uada2b4cb" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">dpkg -P(--purge</span><strong><span class="ne-text">)</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u3be04156" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">软件校验</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u7aa3a90c" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -aV</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ua0526875" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rpm -aV</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ufd42af8e" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">dpkg -V</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u274cd4e5" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">是否要修改软件源</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u54c15e62" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">要修改修改默认的base,增加epel源</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uc9798293" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">不用修改</span></p>
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<td width="238">
<p id="u785e779c" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">一般配置</span></p>
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<td width="227">
<p id="u2abd55ac" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">系统时间必须同步</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u2fb0079b" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">不影响</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u5b10ccc1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">无法安装软件</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ue14083c8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">没啥影响</span></p>
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</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="zk6tT" data-lake-index-type="2">3.2. <span class="ne-text">apt/yum源</span></h2>
<h3 id="imj4g" data-lake-index-type="2">3.2.1. <span class="ne-text">yum源(c7)</span></h3>
<pre class="language-python highlighter-hljs"><code>#修改系统默认的源 base
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

#增加epel源
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

#php webtatic源 或remi源
xxx</code></pre>
<p id="u09a83c16" class="ne-p"></p>
<h3 id="U5aTY" data-lake-index-type="2">3.2.2. <span class="ne-text">麒麟sp3</span></h3>
<div class="ne-alert" data-type="info">
<p id="ufe6399d6" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">不要修改默认的源, kylin_x86_64.repo 保留相当于是base源,update源...</span></p>
<p id="u2996e3a9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">可以增加1个epel源(centos 7就行)</span></p>
<p id="u1eba9e69" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">坑: 麒麟系统中 yum源中</span></p>
<p id="u48c00556" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">$releasever 正常是系统版本 比如centos 7 就是7 麒麟中这个变量是10</span></p>
<p id="u6df9e1b5" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">$basearch/ x86_64/aarch64 这个没有坑</span></p>
<p class="ne-p">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">nginx源</span></strong></p>
<p id="u17c7ff70" class="ne-p"></p>
</div>
<pre class="language-python highlighter-hljs"><code># cat /etc/yum.repos.d/ngx.repo

name=nginx stable repo
#baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/    #这里直接写为7即可.
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true</code></pre>
<h3 id="M0gGt" data-lake-index-type="2">3.2.3. <span class="ne-text">Ubuntu xxx.xxx </span></h3>
<div class="ne-alert" data-type="warning">
<p id="u0227a118" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">cp /etc/apt/sources.list /tmp/sources.list</span></p>
<p id="u09dade32" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">修改文件即可 </span></p>
<p id="ufbb3c7d8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">备份ubt源不要放在/etc/apt/目录,只要放了就会被读取.</span></p>
<p class="ne-p">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">apt源内容 ubt20.04 lts</span></strong></p>
</div>
<pre class="language-python highlighter-hljs"><code>deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse</code></pre>
<div class="ne-alert" data-type="warning">
<p id="u936201b3" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">apt update </span></p>
</div>
<p id="u10a7c9d6" class="ne-p"></p>
<p id="u73d3b6ba" class="ne-p"></p>
<h1 id="Nfpyf" data-lake-index-type="2">4. <span class="ne-text">定时任务使用与管理</span></h1>
<table id="RW3BY" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u8a52c66b" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u720d5055" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uf1db8543" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u9ae62d6e" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ucd0c4aeb" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">定时任务管理</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u63c5e3fb" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">crontab -e /-l</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uf66e2f9d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">crontab -e /-l</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u2faf0578" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">crontab -e / -l ,需要使用select-editor选择编辑器</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ufbffba8d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">定时任务日志</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u7ff6cef2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/cron</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u9b438091" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/cron</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ud6494d88" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/var/log/syslog</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u8c9b97e9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">定时任务注意事项</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u2ee3580b" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">定向空,PATH变量问题</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u123c9ed5" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">定向空,PATH变量问题</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="uf5e39dbd" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">&amp;&gt;/dev/null 形式无法使用</span></p>
<p id="ub9a83f1f" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">&gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="ne-alert" data-type="info">
<p id="u41a9f3b7" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">麒麟系统中不定向到空不会有邮件或临时文件了.</span></p>
<p id="uc56cd1ce" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">但是还是要配置定向到空.</span></p>
</div>
<h1 id="U7nFe" data-lake-index-type="2">5. <span class="ne-text">网络相关指令和文件</span></h1>
<table id="NhqDW" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u64c8ee52" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u38b1087f" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uc1e3334c" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ue46b61f4" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ucdeff186" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">网卡配置文件</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u0e8e9717" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 或eth0</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u1bb68a15" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 或eth0</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="uef906b6d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u1a0549e2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">管理网络指令</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ud20a3eca" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nmtui</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u5a947ad7" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nmtui</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u27e67d24" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">默认没有nmtui需要安装network-manager</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ub6d1ae74" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">重启网卡指令/网络配置生效指令</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ub398f8e1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">systemctl restart network</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u1159e858" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">无法使用systemctl 重启</span></p>
<p id="ud3620d47" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">使用Ifdown ens33或ifup ens33 </span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u451402f0" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">netplan apply</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 id="wg7rT" data-lake-index-type="2">6. <span class="ne-text">发送邮件</span></h1>
<table id="ZmV3r" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u2fe5c655" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ua2b587c3" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u8788e3ab" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ucf8a2640" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ua14ab127" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">发送邮件配置文件</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u0ecfb6b4" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/mail.rc</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uf4d46e7d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/mail.rc</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u392d94cf" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/s-nail.rc</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ue1b4eb91" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">发送邮件的命令</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u322c2700" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">mail/mailx</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u0e2da063" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">mail/mailx</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u24fe0311" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">s-nail</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u178f51a8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">安装</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ue42b5b1e" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum install -y mailx</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ucaeb9f9e" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum install -y mailx</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u64491156" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">apt install -y s-nail </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="u10e80e87" class="ne-p"></p>
<h1 id="pvQeP" data-lake-index-type="2">7. <span class="ne-text">服务软件</span></h1>
<h2 id="Q2xvS" data-lake-index-type="2">7.1. <span class="ne-text">备份服务rsync</span></h2>
<table id="m7xiX" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u0d023640" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u02891553" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="udce0df61" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ua21f8876" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ucfbd2250" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rsync服务配置文件</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ua2870173" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/rsyncd.conf</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ub88e4ae9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/rsyncd.conf</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u18553c4d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/rsyncd.conf(默认不存在,手动创建)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ue41acef8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">服务名字</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u1eefe5c4" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rsyncd</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uc6d2b6bf" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rsyncd</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="uf081691b" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">rsync</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="u7e0001b7" class="ne-p"></p>
<h2 id="c51W8" data-lake-index-type="2">7.2. <span class="ne-text">存储服务nfs</span></h2>
<table id="JKXKA" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="uda423d87" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ud27a1400" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u0f5c1367" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u780a8e31" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="ub35756db" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">软件包</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u9edee0d1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nfs-utils rpcbind</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u01225317" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nfs-utils rpcbind</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u45bdaf93" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nfs-common nfs-kernel-server </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u151900cf" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">服务名字</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u4f1df4e5" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nfs rpcbind</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ub7561293" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nfs rpcbind</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u2b220051" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nfs-kernel-server rpcbind</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u97fa6934" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">默认的anonuid,anongid用户(压缩用户,匿名用户)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u105c86da" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nfsnobody (65534)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u201dfe0d" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nobody (65534)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ub7bddfa2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">nobody nogroup</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="u301aaed3" class="ne-p"></p>
<h2 id="X77w0" data-lake-index-type="2">7.3. <span class="ne-text">实时同步</span></h2>
<h3 id="fmmcl" data-lake-index-type="2">7.3.1. <span class="ne-text">lsyncd </span></h3>
<table id="Y0Vsx" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="uc79f3ea8" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ud310afb5" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u7f73b547" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟sp3</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ue1b9280a" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u66bca5ee" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">软件包</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u1051ccaf" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">lsyncd</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uf0790aeb" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">lsyncd</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u92b9cbc2" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">lsyncd</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u3bbd0371" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">服务名字</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u30d7319e" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">lsyncd</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uecb9f405" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">lsyncd</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ufa73b2c4" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">lsyncd</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u652dfcfd" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">配置文件</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u5407deb8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/lsyncd.conf</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u5f136bf8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/lsyncd.conf</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="uae1d7e99" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">/etc/lsyncd/lsyncd.conf.lua</span></p>
<p id="u3db2d401" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">这个可以通过修改/etc/init.d/lsyncd 服务管理脚本查看与修改</span></p>
<p id="u541b7313" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">配置文件需要手动 创建</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>ubt/debian系统lsyncd配置文件路径</p>
<pre id="bFuOh" class="ne-codeblock language-shell highlighter-hljs" data-language="shell"><code>grep -n ^CONFIG /etc/init.d/lsyncd
18:CONFIG=/etc/lsyncd/lsyncd.conf.lua</code></pre>
<p id="ud5d8378d" class="ne-p"></p>
<h3 id="YmkEv" data-lake-index-type="2">7.3.2. <span class="ne-text">sersync</span></h3>
<div class="ne-alert" data-type="info">
<p id="u0da971d1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">没有区别,二进制部署</span></p>
</div>
<p id="ud289f147" class="ne-p"></p>
<h1 id="d3dk5" data-lake-index-type="2">8. <span class="ne-text">管理工具</span></h1>
<h2 id="U3Jf6" data-lake-index-type="2">8.1. <span class="ne-text">ansible</span></h2>
<table id="eH0b7" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u29a2983d" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ue53e70d9" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u7c1df9b1" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ue931519e" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u55641850" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">安装方式</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u4ad5b0be" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum/pip安装</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ua96cc57a" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">pip安装</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u10fc6b6c" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">apt/pip安装</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u421d5d24" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">具体方法</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ue1f4ee9e" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum install -y ansible</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ue4de6b25" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum install -y python3-pip</span></p>
<p id="u029f2e24" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">pip3 install ansible</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u2223e5a5" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">apt install -y ansible</span></p>
<p id="uf3395abe" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">pip3 install ansible</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u2c96abd8" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">说明</span></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ub91210c5" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">两种方式都可以 pip安装版本更加新一些</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u681bea78" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum安装的有问题</span></p>
<p id="ua24e12fa" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">使用pip安装</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u7c197993" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">两种方式都可以 pip安装版本更加新一些</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="ne-p">&nbsp;</p>
<p id="u5163f759" class="ne-p"></p>
<p class="ne-p">麒麟系统ansible后续配置</p>
<pre id="lJTHH" class="ne-codeblock language-shell highlighter-hljs" data-language="shell"><code>1. 没用/etc/ansible目录 手动创建
2. 也没ansible配置文件

# cat /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

host_key_checking = False
deprecation_warnings = False
interpreter_python = /usr/bin/python3








</code></pre>
<p id="uc71776a3" class="ne-p"></p>
<h1 id="kKedh" data-lake-index-type="2">9. <span class="ne-text">web服务</span></h1>
<h2 id="DN9dr" data-lake-index-type="2">9.1. <span class="ne-text">nginx </span></h2>
<table id="UqVOR" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u0477073e" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u39fd9485" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ub34c07f7" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u3896eb6a" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u09507386" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">安装方式</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u34a808c9" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="ud44f5330" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">yum</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ub82043cc" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">apt</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u899dcc09" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">坑</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ufe1c6779" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">epel中是有个nginx,可以安装和使用</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u1f947abe" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">默认源中的nginx缺少stub_status ,必须用Ngx源才行.</span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ueca64ca1" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">无影响直接用.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u99c384ae" class="ne-p"></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u0d213a97" class="ne-p"></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u11b6d597" class="ne-p"></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u5dcad4a4" class="ne-p"></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p id="u0d02a7db" class="ne-p"></p>
<h2 id="ZAz71" data-lake-index-type="2">9.2. <span class="ne-text">php</span></h2>
<table id="wPTmW" class="ne-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u8ab70bc9" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">操作与指令</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u4bce182c" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">CentOS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="uc2638c29" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">麒麟</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u039764f6" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">Ubuntu 22.04</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u53b7f380" class="ne-p"><strong><span class="ne-text">安装方式</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="u63730c26" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">默认源中php 5.4</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u2d88c501" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">php 7.2 </span></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="u258e4350" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">php8.1</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="227">
<p id="u1d515e78" class="ne-p"></p>
</td>
<td width="194">
<p id="ubfb3e41c" class="ne-p"><span class="ne-text">需要配置webtatic源或remi源</span></p>
</td>
<td width="178">
<p id="u7909fb80" class="ne-p"></p>
</td>
<td width="238">
<p id="ua62d8fa9" class="ne-p"></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="ne-p">&nbsp;</p>
<p id="u342f8128" class="ne-p"></p>
<p class="ne-p">麒麟永久取消tmp分区</p>
<pre class="language-bash highlighter-hljs"><code># 永久取消tmp分区
# systemctl disable tmp.mount
# systemctl mask tmp.mount
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount → /dev/null.
# systemctl stop tmp.mount</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div><br><br>
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/daofaziran/p/18397750

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