ubuntu 20.04上搭建LNMP环境的方法步骤

十月天

简单说明

由于之前是用Centos7搭建的，后来使用ubuntu 20.04的系统做为个人开发环境，所以想在ubuntu上也搭建一下环境，和Centos有一些小区别所以记录一下仅供学习。

安装前准备

下载软件：
php：7.3.18
nginx：1.18.0
mariadb：10.5.4

解压文件：

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tar zxf php-7.3.18.tar.gz tar zxf mariadb-10.5.4.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

安装Nginx

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sudo groupadd -r nginx && sudo useradd -r -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/local/nginx nginx sudo apt install -y libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev cd /home/allen/下载/nginx-1.18.0 ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx make -j 4 && sudo make install sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t #nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok #nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful sudo mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.back sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf   user nginx; worker_processes 4; events {   worker_connections 1024; } http {   include    mime.types;   default_type application/octet-stream;   sendfile   on;   keepalive_timeout 65;   log_format main '$remote_addr || $remote_user || $time_local || $request || $status || $body_bytes_sent || $http_referer || $http_user_agent || $http_x_forwarded_for';   include /data/www/*/*.conf; }   sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx   sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service   [Unit] Description=nginx After=network.target   [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit PrivateTmp=true   [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target     sudo systemctl enable nginx   #Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.   reboot

重启后看看有没有启动成功

安装Mariadb

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sudo rm -rf /etc/mysql sudo apt remove -y mysql-common sudo apt autoremove -y sudo apt install -y cmake libncurses5-dev libgnutls28-dev sudo groupadd -r mysql && sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/local/mariadb mysql sudo mkdir -p /data/db /var/log/mariadb cd /home/allen/下载/mariadb-10.5.4/ cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mariadb -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/db -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITHOUT_TOKUDB=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci make -j 4 && sudo make install sudo /usr/local/mariadb/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/db sudo vim /etc/my.cnf   [mysqld] datadir = /data/db socket = /tmp/mysql.sock # 建议禁用符号链接,防止各类安全风险 symbolic-links = 0 collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4' character-set-server = utf8mb4   [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4   [client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock default-character-set = utf8mb4   [mysqld_safe] log-error = /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file = /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid   sudo cp /usr/local/mariadb/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb   sudo vim /etc/profile.d/mariadb.sh export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mariadb/bin/   sudo chmod 0777 /etc/profile.d/mariadb.sh source /etc/profile.d/mariadb.sh   sudo /etc/init.d/mariadb start #Starting mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.   sudo /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql_secure_installation      #NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB #   SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!   #In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current #password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and #haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.   #Enter current password for root (enter for none): #OK, successfully used password, moving on...   #Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody #can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.   #You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.   #Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y #Enabled successfully! #Reloading privilege tables.. # ... Success!     #You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.   #Change the root password? [Y/n] y #New password: #Re-enter new password: #Password updated successfully! #Reloading privilege tables.. # ... Success!     #By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone #to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for #them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation #go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a #production environment.   #Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y # ... Success!   #Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This #ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.   #Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n # ... skipping.   #By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can #access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed #before moving into a production environment.   #Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y # - Dropping test database... # ... Success! # - Removing privileges on test database... # ... Success!   #Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far #will take effect immediately.   #Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y # ... Success!   #Cleaning up...   #All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB #installation should now be secure.   #Thanks for using MariaDB!   sudo systemctl enable mariadb   sudo chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mariadb /data/db /var/log/mariadb   reboot

重启后看看有没有启动成功

安装PHP

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sudo apt install -y libxml2-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev pkg-config libxslt1-dev libzip-dev libfreetype6-dev libfontconfig1-dev autoconf sudo groupadd -r php && sudo useradd -r -g php -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/local/php php sudo vim /etc/sudoers php   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL cd /home/allen/下载/php-7.3.18/     ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \--exec-prefix=/usr/local/php --with-fpm-user=php --with-fpm-group=php --enable-zip --with-curl --with-gettext --with-iconv-dir --with-kerberos --with-libdir=lib64 --with-mysqli --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pear --with-xmlrpc --with-xsl --with-zlib --with-bz2 --with-mhash --enable-bcmath --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --enable-opcache --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-xml --enable-fpm --with-freetype-dir --with-gd --with-libxml-dir --with-pcre-regex --enable-libxml --enable-zip --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir

有一个错误：

configure: error: freetype-config not found.

解决办法：
据说：https://www.doopsky.com/ops/981.html

这是由于在 Ubuntu 19.04 中 apt-get 安装的 libfreetype6-dev 版本为 2.9.1-3
http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/f/freetype/freetype_2.9.1-3/changelog
在 changelog 中写到：

The `freetype-config' script is no longer installed by default
(Closes: #871470, #886461). All packages depending on libfreetype6-dev
should use pkg-config to find the relevant CFLAGS and libraries.
freetype-config 被替代成 pkg-config ，新版本使用 pkg-config 管理 CFLAGS 和 库。

所以解决方法如下：
主要的思路就是用pkg-config代替freetype-config。安装pkg-config，我在上面已经安装了

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cat ./configure | grep "freetype-config" -n 34847:   if test -f "$i/bin/freetype-config"; then 34849:    FREETYPE2_CONFIG="$i/bin/freetype-config" 34855:   as_fn_error $? "freetype-config not found." "$LINENO" 5 36568:   if test -f "$i/bin/freetype-config"; then 36570:    FREETYPE2_CONFIG="$i/bin/freetype-config" 36576:   as_fn_error $? "freetype-config not found." "$LINENO" 5   sed -i "s/freetype-config/pkg-config/g" ./configure

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cat ./configure | grep "FREETYPE2_CONFIG --cflags" -n 34858:  FREETYPE2_CFLAGS=`$FREETYPE2_CONFIG --cflags` 36579:  FREETYPE2_CFLAGS=`$FREETYPE2_CONFIG --cflags`   sed -i "s/FREETYPE2_CONFIG --cflags/FREETYPE2_CONFIG freetype2 --cflags/g" ./configure

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cat ./configure | grep "FREETYPE2_CONFIG --libs" -n 34859:  FREETYPE2_LIBS=`$FREETYPE2_CONFIG --libs` 36580:  FREETYPE2_LIBS=`$FREETYPE2_CONFIG --libs`   sed -i "s/FREETYPE2_CONFIG --libs/FREETYPE2_CONFIG freetype2 --libs/g" ./configure

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cat ./ext/gd/config.m4 | grep "freetype-config" -n 188:   if test -f "$i/bin/freetype-config"; then 190:    FREETYPE2_CONFIG="$i/bin/freetype-config" 196:   AC_MSG_ERROR([freetype-config not found.])   sed -i "s/freetype-config/pkg-config/g" ./ext/gd/config.m4

重新编译安装就OK

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Thank you for using PHP.   make -j 4 && sudo make install   sudo cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini   sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf   sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf   vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf listen.mode = 0666 pm.max_children = 128 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 10000 slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow rlimit_files = 1024   sudo vim /etc/profile.d/php.sh export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin/   sudo chmod 0777 /etc/profile.d/php.sh && source /etc/profile.d/php.sh   sudo cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /etc/systemd/system/php.service

安装xdebug

下载xdebug http://pecl.php.net/get/xdebug-2.9.6.tgz

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cd /home/allen/下载 tar zxf xdebug-2.9.6.tgz cd xdebug-2.9.6 phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make -j 4 && sudo make install

安装Apcu

下载Apcu http://pecl.php.net/get/apcu-5.1.18.tgz

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cd /home/allen/下载 tar zxf apcu-5.1.18.tgz cd apcu-5.1.18 phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make -j 4 && sudo make install

编辑PHP.INI

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sudo vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini   date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai expose_php = off max_execution_time = 0 memory_limit = 4096M display_errors = On cgi.fix_pathinfo=0 extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20180731/" extension=pgsql extension=apcu   zend_extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20180731/xdebug.so [xdebug] xdebug.var_display_max_children=10240 xdebug.var_display_max_data=20480 xdebug.var_display_max_depth=50

启动

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sudo systemctl enable php-fpm   sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mariadb sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx sudo chown -R php:php /usr/local/php reboot

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xjcallen/article/details/106987381