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查看ubuntu版本:lsb_release -a、cat /etc/os-release 安装ifconfig命令:apt-get install net-tools 安装ping命令:apt-get install iputils-ping 安装ip命令:apt-get install iproute2 安装Tab键实例插件:apt-get install bash-completion 取消最小化:/usr/local/sbin/unminimize
一、卸载不必要的软件 卸载LibreOffice sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common 卸载Amazon的链接 apt-get purge unity-webapps-common 卸载一些预装软件 apt-get purge thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku landscape-client-ui-install apt-get purge onboard deja-dup 删除Amazon广告图标 sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/com.canonical.launcher.amazon.desktop sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/ubuntu-amazon-default.desktop 其他软件 sudo apt-get -y purge thunderbird* #邮件 sudo apt-get -y purge firefox #火狐浏览器 sudo apt-get -y purge deja-dup #备份 sudo apt-get -y purge simple-scan #扫描 sudo apt-get -y purge hplip* #打印 sudo apt-get -y purge printer-driver* #打印驱动 sudo apt-get -y purge rhythmbox* #音乐播放 sudo apt-get -y purge gedit* #文本编辑 sudo apt-get -y purge libreoffice* #办公套件 sudo apt-get -y purge gnome-orca #屏幕阅读 sudo apt-get -y purge onboard #屏幕键盘 sudo apt-get -y purge mahjongg #对对碰 sudo apt-get -y purge aisleriot #纸牌王 sudo apt-get -y purge gnome-sudoku #数独 sudo apt-get -y purge gnomine #扫雷 sudo apt-get -y purge wodim #命令刻碟 导航栏放在底部 gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher launcher-position Bottom
二、切换SHELL
1、查看当前发行版可以使用的shell root@Ubuntu:~# cat /etc/shells
# /etc/shells: valid login shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bash
/bin/rbash
/usr/bin/rbash
/bin/dash
/usr/bin/dash
2、查看当前使用的shell,最常用的查看shell的命令,但不能实时反映当前shell root@Ubuntu:~# echo $SHELL 3、环境变量中shell的匹配查找 root@Ubuntu:~# env | grep SHELL SHELL=/bin/bash 4、切换dash为bash sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash
三、ubuntu 保存防火墙命令,iptables方式: 1、iptables 配置好策略 2、iptables-save > /etc/network/iptables.up.rules ,配置的策略保存到文件 3、iptables-apply,然后按 y 或者 iptables-restore < /etc/network/iptables.up.rules
四、更换apt源
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编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件, 在文件最前面添加以下条目(操作前请做好相应备份),保存退出后使用sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade更新源
# 阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 华为源地址
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
# 网易163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
apt源
五、ubuntu20.04设置开机自启动命令 1、创建rc.local文件并添加可执行权限chmod 755 /etc/rc.local root@Ubuntu20:~# nano /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
echo "hello world" >/var/log/hello.log
2、编辑rc-local.service文件,在文件底部添加
root@Ubuntu20:~# nano /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service
[Install]
WantedBy=muti-user.target
Alias=rc-local.service
3、最后把rc-local.service添加到开机启动 systemctl enable rc-local.service #添加到开机启动 systemctl disable rc-local.service #关闭开机启动
六、Ubuntu修改dns地址 修改/etc/systemd/resolved.conf文件,添加dns,然后退出保存。 root@Ubuntu:~# nano /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
[Resolve]
DNS=114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
#FallbackDNS=
#Domains=
#LLMNR=no
#MulticastDNS=no
#DNSSEC=no
#DNSOverTLS=no
#Cache=no-negative
#DNSStubListener=yes
#ReadEtcHosts=yes
root@Ubuntu:~# mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak root@Ubuntu:~# ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/ root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service #重启服务 root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service #加入到开机启动 root@Ubuntu:~# systemd-resolve --status #查看dns地址是否修改成功 root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl is-enabled systemd-logind.service #查看服务是否被屏蔽(masked) Unit systemd-logind.service is masked 解决方法: root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl unmask systemd-logind.service root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl enable systemd-logind.service root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl start systemd-logind.service root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl is-enabled systemd-logind.service #查看服务是否被屏蔽(masked)
七、服务管理脚本
![]() ![]()
#!/bin/bash
#自定义服务管理脚本
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
ps aux | grep python | awk 'NR==1{print $2}' >/var/run/fastapi.pid
PIDFILE="/var/run/fastapi.pid"
fastapi_statu () {
local pidfile daemon name status OPTIND
pidfile=
OPTIND=1
while getopts p: opt ; do
case "$opt" in
p) pidfile="$OPTARG";;
esac
done
shift $(($OPTIND - 1))
if [ -n "$pidfile" ]; then
pidfile="-p $pidfile"
fi
daemon="$1"
name="$2"
status="0"
pidofproc $pidfile $daemon >/dev/null || status="$?"
if [ "$status" = 0 ]; then
return 0
else
return $status
fi
}
function start() {
fastapi_statu -p $PIDFILE 'Fastapi' 'Fastapi'
if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
echo
else
python /root/game_be/main.py &
fi
}
function stop() {
fastapi_statu -p $PIDFILE 'Fastapi' 'Fastapi'
if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
pkill -9 python
else
echo
fi
}
case "$1" in
start) log_daemon_msg "Starting Fastapi" "Fastapi"
start
;;
stop) log_daemon_msg "Stopping Fastapi" "Fastapi"
stop
;;
restart)log_daemon_msg "Restarting Fastapi" "Fastapi"
stop
sleep 1
start
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PIDFILE 'Fastapi' 'Fastapi' && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
*) log_action_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/api {start|stop|status|restart}"
exit 2
;;
esac
exit 0
View Code
八、添加永久路由 root@Ubuntu:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
ens32:
dhcp4: no
addresses:
- 192.168.150.128/24
gateway4: 192.168.150.1
nameservers:
addresses: [114.114.114.114, 8.8.8.8]
routes:
- to: 10.10.10.0/24
via: 192.168.150.1
- to: 10.10.20.0/24
via: 192.168.150.1
root@Ubuntu:~# netplan apply # 应用配置 root@Ubuntu:~# ls /usr/share/doc/netplan/examples # netplan配置示例
九、debian配置本地apt源
# 把debian镜像文件挂载到/mnt/debian12目录
mkdir -p /mnt/debian12
mount -o loop /root/iso/debian12.iso /mnt/debian12
# 配置apt使用本地ISO作为软件源
# [trusted=yes] 表示信任本地文件,不用签名验证,bookworm是debian12的代号,debian发行版目录:https://www.debian.org/releases/
# debian12软件仓库分区介绍:https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/release-notes/ch-whats-new.zh-cn.html
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 12.11.0 _Bookworm_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 with firmware 20250517-09:52]/ bookworm contrib main non-free-firmware
deb [trusted=yes] file:///mnt/debian12 bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# 更新软件包缓存
apt update
# 使用本地源安装软件包
apt-get install net-tools
十、debian磁盘扩容
# 安装parted命令
apt install -y parted
# 查看分区
root@debian:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0 11:0 1 482K 0 rom
vda 254:0 0 120G 0 disk
├─vda1 254:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
├─vda2 254:2 0 1K 0 part
└─vda5 254:5 0 19.5G 0 part
├─debian--vg-root 253:0 0 18.6G 0 lvm /
└─debian--vg-swap_1 253:1 0 980M 0 lvm [SWAP]
# 查看看当前布局和剩余空间
root@debian:~# parted /dev/vda print free
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vda: 129GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1024B 1049kB 1048kB Free Space
1 1049kB 512MB 511MB primary ext2 boot
512MB 513MB 1048kB Free Space
2 513MB 21.5GB 21.0GB extended
5 513MB 21.5GB 21.0GB logical lvm
21.5GB 129GB 107GB Free Space
# 把扩展分区2扩到磁盘末尾
parted /dev/vda resizepart 2 100%
# 把逻辑分区5扩到扩展分区末尾
parted /dev/vda resizepart 5 100%
# 如有提示要更新内核分区表,选Fix或Yes。然后让内核重新读分区表
partprobe /dev/vda
# 扩展物理卷
pvresize /dev/vda5
# 把空闲空间都加给根逻辑卷
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/debian-vg/root
# 若提示找不到设备,执行以下命令:
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/debian--vg-root
# 确认根文件系统类型:
df -hT /
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 19G 2.4G 15G 14% /
# ext4类型执行以下命令
resize2fs /dev/mapper/debian--vg-root
# 若是xfs类型执行以下命令
xfs_growfs /
# 确认扩容是否成功
df -Th /
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 117G 2.4G 110G 3% /
十一、Ubuntu配置l2tp后无法使用 有个组件有bug,就是无法连上,换一个底层组件
# 安装xl2tpd,卸载go-l2tp
apt install xl2tpd
apt purge go-l2tp
参考:https://github.com/nm-l2tp/NetworkManager-l2tp/issues/231
参考链接: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+cdmirrors # ubuntu各版本下载 https://ubuntu.zero.com.ar/ubuntu-releases/ # ubuntu各版本下载 http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive/ # debian各版本下载 https://www.einval.com/~steve/software/jigdo/download/ # jigdo工具下载 https://www.cnblogs.com/itwangqiang/p/14302252.html # 修改ubuntu网卡名为eth https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyakai/p/14715891.html # Ubuntu修改时区和设置24小时时间格式,或使用tzselect命令修改时区 https://www.cnblogs.com/kaopunotes/p/18593236 # ubuntu通过apt-get获取已安装的package的下载链接或将其下载到本地 http://www.c-nergy.be/products.html # ubuntu安装远程桌面服务 http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13390 https://blog.ruanbekker.com/blog/2017/12/09/unmask-a-masked-service-in-systemd # 在systemd中取消masked服务
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/xwupiaomiao/p/11762958.html |