debian 环境安装

刘志礼

debian使用apt簇命令是，会与dpkg联动进行软件安装，dpkg 是安装 Debian 已经可用软件包的工具 (因为不需下载任何东西)。我们使用它的 -i 或 --install 选项

dpkg 是系统上处理 Debian 软件包的基础指令。如果有 .deb 软件包，那么可以用 dpkg 来安装或分析其内容。但此指令只能看到 Debian 世界的部分内容：它知道系统安装了那些软件包，以及命令行给出了什么，但不知道其它还有哪些可用的软件包。这样，如果没有相依性就会失败。如 apt 和 aptitude 这样的工具，相反会可产生相依性清单，来尽量自动地安装软件包。

使用dpkg进行安装时需要下载软件包在/var/cache/[pakgename]下，后缀名为.deb文件。

然后使用dpkg -i 进行安装

 dpkg -i man-db_2.9.4-2_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 227466 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack man-db_2.9.4-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking man-db (2.9.4-2) over (2.8.5-2) ...
Setting up man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
Updating database of manual pages ...
man-db.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
Processing triggers for mailcap (3.69) ...

　　若，之前单独使用dpkg进行安装软件后，再使用apt-get命令安装依赖，会出现依赖信息报错，报错不影响，软件已安装完成，该抱错时告知软件安装包之间依赖异常；异常告警信息来源与oracle-java11-installer-local.postinst文件，可根据告警信息查询

root@prentest:~# sudo apt install -y git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
git is already the newest version (1:2.39.2-1.1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up oracle-java11-installer-local (11.0.18-1~linuxuprising0) ...
Before installing this package,
please download the Oracle JDK 11 .tar.gz file
with the same version as this package (version 11.0.4),
and place it in /var/cache/oracle-jdk11-installer-local,

E.g.:
sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/oracle-jdk11-installer-local
sudo cp jdk-11.0.4_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz /var/cache/oracle-jdk11-installer-local/
sha256sum mismatch jdk-11.0.18_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
Oracle JDK 11 is NOT installed.
dpkg: error processing package oracle-java11-installer-local (--configure):
 installed oracle-java11-installer-local package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 oracle-java11-installer-local
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

　　需要将dpkg的包依赖信息库进行更新（目录：/var/lib/dpkg/info/）

$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/ /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/
$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info/
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -f install
#暂未执行恢复info目录操作，告警消失
$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info
$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/ /var/lib/dpkg/info/

 

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36561697/article/details/82224279

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/klown/p/18369019